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24
NiclasJohansson
WirbildensodieVorstellungeinerursprünglichenLibidobesetzungdes
Ichs,vonderspäterandieObjekteabgegebenwird,dieaber,imGrunde
genommen,verbleibtundsichzudenObjektbesetzungenverhältwie
derKörpereinesProtoplasmatierchenszudenvonihmausgeschickten
Pseudopodien.25
Thusweformtheideaoftherebeinganoriginallibidinalcathexisof
theego,fromwhichsomeislatergivenofftoobjects,butwhichfunda-
mentallypersistsandisrelatedtotheobject-cathexes,muchasthebody
ofanamoebaisrelatedtothepseudopodiawhichitputsout.26
Teoriginalinstinctualdualismbetweeninstinctsofself-preservation(orego-
drives)andsexualinstincts(orlibido)isthuscomplementedbyasubdivisionof
thelatterintonarcissisticlibido(orego-libido)andobject-libido.Furthermore,
narcissismisfirmlyinstitutedinsexualdevelopmentasastagebetweenauto-
erotismandobject-choice,astagewhere,asopposedtoauto-erotism,thelibido
hasbeenintegrated,butwhere,asopposedtoobject-choice,ithasnotyetbegun
todirectitselftowardsexternalobjects.
Teambitionforthenewconcepttoaccountforthephenomenawhichthrough
thepreviousworkoftheorizinghavebeenassociatedwithnarcissismismade
clearintwoways.Inthefirstchapter,whichaimsatjustifyingtheintroduction
ofnarcissism,thepreviousdevelopmentissummarizedandtakenasaresource
fortheextensionofthelibidotheory.Itdisplaysaninductivemoment,wherethe
observationsmadearetakentojustifythenewconcept.Freudherelists,first,the
perversionobservedbyEllisandNäcke,second,thepsychoanalyticobservations
madebySadger,Rankandhimself(inthestudiesonLeonardodaVinciandjudge
Schreber)whichledtotheassumptionofanarcissisticstageofdevelopment,and,
third,themegalomaniaoftheomnipotenceofthoughtsinchildrenand“primi-
tive”peoplewhichFreudfoundinTotemundTabu(1912-1913).
Inthesecondchapter,Freuddisplaystheexplanatoryvalueofthenewcon-
ceptinthreedińerentareas.First,hearguesthatnarcissismcanexplainpsycho-
logicalmechanismsassociatedwithorganicdiseaseandsleep,anareawhichhad
notuntilthenbeenassociatedwithnarcissism.Second,heshowsthevalueof
narcissisminexplainingtheclusterofconditionshereferstoashypochondria
andparaphrenia,andtherebygeneralizesthepathtakenintheSchrebercase.
Tird,hegeneralizestheexplanationofhomosexualitybymeansofnarcissism
andintroducesthenotionoftwotypesofobjectchoices,thenarcissisticandthe
anaclitic,andtherebymakesnarcissismanimportantcomponentinthesexual
developmentofallhumans.
25Freud,GesammelteWerke:BdX,140-41.
26Freud,TeStandardEdition:Vol.XIV,75.