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Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
inPokucie(contemporaryUkraine).ItwasstressedbyWierdak(1927)that
largerforestcomplexeswithfiroccurredintheWesternCarpathians(Karpaty
Zachodnie),whereasintheEasternCarpathians(KarpatyWschodnie)theywere
smallerandnotasnumerous.Healsoidentifiedageneralrangeoffirinthe
Małopolskasupraregion,whichwasalmosttwiceaslargeasthesprucerangeof
naturaloriginatthattime(Barć2012).
Abiesalbaprefersdeep,fertileandheavysoilsthatdominateinnorth-west-
ernpartoftheCarpathiansandintheBeskidSądeckiMts.(Ilmurzyński1969;
Włoczewski1968;Jaworski1973;Baran1977;Jaworski,Zarzycki1983).The
significantcontemporaryroleofforestswithahighershareoffir(rarelypurefir
stands)inthevegetationcoverofthePolishpartoftheCarpathiansisalmost
halfofthat(21%areaofforests)oftheshareofbeech(41%),butisstillhigher
thanspruceorpineofasecondaryorigin(Zięba2010).Bestmaintainedforest
standswithfirintheCarpathiansareactuallyfoundintheBeskidSądeckiMts.,
theBeskidNiskiMts.,thePrzemyskieFoothills,andtheWesternBieszczady
Mts.(BieszczadyZachodnie)(Białobok1983;Przybylska,Kucharzyk1999;
Michalik,Pawłowski2000;Przybylska,Zięba2007).ForestsinthePrze-
myskieFoothillsandintheBeskidNiskiMts.(whicharedominatedbybeech
andfir)aredistinguishedbymostdiversifiedspeciescomposition,whichisthe
resultoftheappropriaterelationshipsbetweentheforestcanopycomposition
andanadequatehabitattype.Inthemajorityofcasesthesearemountainforests
fallingintoforestsitetype:LGintheCarpathiansandthenmixedmountain
forest(LMGtypesite),whosecharacteristicfeatureisthespatialvariabilityof
orographicandmesoclimaticlocalfactors(Sikorska1999;Przybylska2003).
Othertypesofhabitatsinforestssuchasamixeduplandforesttypesite(LMwyż
typesite),mixedconiferousmountainforesttypesite(BMGtypesite)orupland
foresttypesite(Lwyżtypesite)occurrarely.However,consideringthedominant
structureofsitetypes,forestsdominatedbyfirfromwesternandeasternparts
oftheBeskids(e.g.,theBeskidMałyMts.andtheBeskidNiskiMts.)aresimilar
inrelationtothatfeature(Barć2002,2012;Michalik2003;Przybylska2003).
Itshouldbeemphasizedonceagainthattheirmaintenancehasbeendependent
onthehistoryofforestmanagementinparticularareas.
Notonlydoesfircreatebutalsohasanimportantshareintheforeststands
intheCarpathiansandtheCarpathianFoothills,amongothersinthefollowing
communities:theGaliorotundifolii-Abietetum,theGalio-Piceetum,theAbieti-
-Piceetum(montanum),theCarici-Fagetumabietetosumacommunityfrom
theCephalanthero-Fagenionsuballiance,theAbietetumalbae(=A.polonicum),
andtheDentarioglandulosae-Fagetum.Moreover,itformsanadmixtureinthe
patchesoftheLuzuloluzuloidis-Fagetumandinthesubmontanealtitudinalform
oftheTilio-Carpinetum.ThemontanespruceforestonpeattheBazzanio-
-Piceetumassociationisoneofthemostinterestingplantcommunitieswhere
firtreeswerefoundasanadmixtureinthecanopyandsimultaneouslyinthe
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