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22
PartOne.ContrastiveStudiesofLanguageStructures
Beforewecloselyanalyzethedataincludedunder(4),ithastobe
statedthatEnglishpossessesaphonologicalcontrastbetweenshortand
longvowels.Sumceittomentionsuchcontrastivepairsassit/seator
full/fool.Withrespecttodomainstructure,thismeansthatthesystem
employsbothnon-branchingandbranchingnuclei.Thelattertypewill
beusedtorepresentlongvowelsanddiphthongs.
(5)a.non-branchingb.branching
R
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u
R
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x
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Letusnowreturntotheexampleslistedin(4).Startingwiththose
subsumedunder(4a),ithastobenoticedthatinEnglish,phonologicaldo-
mainsmaybeginwithanemptyonsetconstituent,whichissubstantiated
bytheexistenceofvowel-initialwordssuchasask.Importantly
,thepres-
enceofemptyonsetpointsinsuchcontextscanbesupportedforinstance
bytherealizationof[n]intheindefinitearticleanbeforevowel-initial
words,asinanapple.Noticethatwhentheonsetpositionisoccupiedby
aconsonantasincat,theindefinitearticleisrealizedasaschwa.
Further,wecanseethatEnglishallowsbothnon-branchingand
branchingonsetstructuresatthebeginningofwords(e.g.,timevs.try).
Thelattertypeofconfigurationwillbetypicalofobstruentplusliquid
clusters.Theformersegmenttypecomprisesconsonantsthataremelod-
icallymorecomplexandhencecanperformthefunctionofintra-con-
stituentgovernors4.Ins+Cclusters,adiferentkindofsyllabificationhas
tobeemployed.Thistypeofstructure,asdefinedinKaye(1991/1992),
involvestheso-calledmagiclicensing.Thestructureassumesthat[s]
isassociatedwiththerhymalcomplementofthedegeneraterhyme.
Thenucleusprecedingitisempty
,whilethefricativeisgovernedby
thefollowingobstruent,forinstance,[t]asinstay.Inawordsuchas
spray,ontheotherhand,the[s]intherhymalcomplementposition
4GovernmentPhonologyassumesthatsegmentsarecomposedofunivalentelements.
Melodieswhichconsistofmoreelementscangovernthosecomposedoffewerprimes.
Fordetailsofmelodicrepresentationadvocatedbythisframework,seeHarris(1994)and
Bloch-Rozmej(2008).
