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20
PartOne.ContrastiveStudiesofLanguageStructures
clusteristhenasal2.Thistypeofgovernmentisuniversallyright-headed.
Asdepictedintherepresentationabove,thedomainfinisheswithan
emptynuclearposition.ThetheoryofGovernmentPhonologyproposes
thatalldomainsbeginwithonsetsandterminatewithanuclearslot3.
Ithastobenoted,however,thattherealizationofthisfinalemptynu-
cleusisparameterized.Inlanguageswhichallowconsonant-finalwords,
theFinalEmptyNucleusParameterissetON.Inthosewhereallwords
havetoendwithavowel,theOFFoptionoftheparameterisselect-
ed.PolishorGermanbelongtotheformercategory
,whereasItalian
representsthelatter.Emptypositionscanoccurnotonlyattheendof
phonologicaldomainsbutalsoinitially
.Thissituationcanbeattested
inwordsbeginningwithvowels.Theredomainswillopenwithempty
onsetslots.Ithastobeunderlined,however,thattheoccurrenceof
emptypositionswithindomainscannotbeunrestricted.Theirpresence
isregulatedbytheEmptyCategoryPrinciple.
(2)EmptyCategoryPrinciple(Kaye,Lowenstamm,andVergnaud1990:21)
Apositionmaybeuninterpretedphoneticallyif
a.itisproperlygoverned,
b.itisparametricallylicensed.
Theconditionspecifiedin(2b)hasalreadybeenillustrated.Asfor
theonedefinedin(2a),weneedtoclarifythatpropergovernmentis
astrongerandmorerestrictiveformofgovernmentrequiringtheful-
fillmentofmoresevereconditions.
(3)ProperGovernment(Charette1990:236)
AproperlygovernsBif
a.AgovernsB(AandBareadjacentonthenuclearprojection),
b.Aisnotlicensed,
c.NogoverningdomainintervenesbetweenAandB.
Whatissignificanthereisthatthepotentialgovernormaynotbe
itselfemptyorgoverned.Apropergovernorsuppressesaprecedingempty
2Thetheoryofgovernmentassumesthatapartfromtheformalconditionsongovern-
mentsuchasdirectionalityandlocality
,substantiverequirementsconcerningsegment-in-
ternalcomplexityhavetobefulfilled.Governeesshouldbecomposedoffewerelements
thangovernorswithinbranchingconstituents,whereasacrossconstituentslevelcomplexi-
tyisallowed.SuchrequirementsareimposedbytheComplexityCondition(Harris1994).
Segmentsarecomposedofoneormoreunivalentelements,eachpossessingindependent
phoneticinterpretation.
3Forargumentsinfavorofsuchadomainstructure,seeKaye,Lowenstamm,and
Vergnaud(1985,1990)andHarris(1994).
