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MicheleIndellicato
HannaArendt,inspiredbyKant’stheoryofjudgment,speaksofnexemplary
validity”12example,whichissomethinganalogoustothetranscendentalnpattern”
ofknowledge.Theexamplesarenthebandwagonofjudgment”13.AsSaintPaulVI
remindsus,ourtimeneedswitnessesandnotncharlatans”,itisthepositivewitness
thatgreatlyafectsthechild’seducationalpath.Theexampleis«thedetailwhich
containsinitselfauniversalconceptorruleorofwhichitisassumedtocontain
it..’.Ifwesayofsomeonewhoisgood,wehavetheexampleofSt.FrancisorJesus
ofNazareth.Thejudgmentshallbeexemplaryinsofarastheexampleiscorrectly
chosen»14.
AsinthereflectivejudgmentKantiansoinethicsweseektheuniversalfor
aparticulargiven.
Positivelyafectingthedevelopmentofthechild’smoralidentityisimportantfor
thechildandforthesocietyinwhichhewilllive.
Ethics,asthePolishphilosopherTischnersays,isthe«grammarofhuman
relations»15.Weadultsmustinourdailyexistentialexperiencebepointsofrefer-
enceforchildrenandmakethemunderstandthemeaningofcivil,ethicalbehavior
becauseethicsisnothingmorethanntheprofessionofman”accordingtoAristo-
tle’sbeautifuldefinition.Thereisequivalencebetweenmoralactsandactsthat
carryoutourhumanity,asThomasAquinoexplicitlystates:«idemsuntactus
moralesatactushumani»16.AndthephilosopherWojtyła,inthewakeofSt.
Thomas’teaching,statesperemptorilythatnthepersonisrevealedthroughthe
actsheperforms”.Becausemoralrelationshipscan17anotbeconnotedasmoral,
theymustbesymmetrical,reciprocal,otherwiserelationshipsbecomenungram-
matical”,incomprehensible.Behindalltheruleswemustlearntograspthekind
ofrelationshipthatisbeingestablished.Itisthesameontologicallogicofcoex-
istencebetweenhumanbeingsthatmakesmenabletorelateashumanbeings
throughreciprocalrelationships.Notallrelationshipsthatarebasedondomination
andindiferenceareethical,becausetheyareasymmetrical.Evenwhenthereisan
initialsymmetry(up/down),asintherelationship,forexamplebetweenthosewho
knowthemost(teacher)andthosewhoknowless(pupil),therelationship,tobe
ethical,mustalwaysbeanimatedbyreciprocity,topromoteandrespecttheother,
albeitsymbolically,asmyequal.
Positivetestimonies,intermsoftheethicsofbehaviors,areimportantandrele-
vanttogenerateinchildrenannethical”cultureandcivilcoexistence,becausethe
universal,thenorm,themoralprinciplesaremeaninglessiftheydonotthenmate-
12Cfr.I.Kant,Criticadelgiudizio,tr.it.,Laterza,Bari1972,p.85.
13Cfr.H.Arendt,Lavitadellamente,tr.it.,IlMulino,Bologna2009,p.566.
14H.Arendt,Teoriadelgiudiziopolitico,tr.it.,IlMelangolo,Genova1990,p.126.
15J.Tischner,Eticadellasolidarietà,tr.it.,CSEO,Bologna1981,p.44.
16SummaTheologiae,I-II,q.1,a.3.
17K.Wojtyła,Personaeatto,tr.it.,VitaePensiero,Milano1980.
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