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I.Roleandlegalstatusofwomen
Keywords:interferenceofthelegislator,righttoself-determination,femalebody,
terminationofpregnancy,eugenic(embryopathological)reasons,dissentingopinion,
conscienceclause,infertility,invitrofertilisation,adoption,familymodel
Introduction
AccordingtotheArticle2ofthePolishConstitution,theRepublicofPolandis
ademocraticstateoflaw,implementingtheprinciplesofthesocialjustice1.This
fundamentalactoflawprovidesformanyguarantees.Mostimportantly,inits
Article30itisstatedthattheinherentandinalienabledignityofthepersonshall
constituteasourceoffreedomsandrightsofpersonsandcitizens.Itshallbe
inviolableandtherespectandprotectionthereofshallbetheobligationofpublic
authorities.Moreover,Article31stipulatesthatfreedomofthepersonshallreceive
legalprotection(clause1),everyoneshallrespectthefreedomsandrightsof
others(clause2,sentence1)andanylimitationupontheexerciseofconstitutional
freedomsandrightsmaybeimposedonlybystatute,andonlywhennecessaryin
ademocraticstatefortheprotectionofitssecurityorpublicorder,ortoprotect
thenaturalenvironment,healthorpublicmorals,orthefreedomsandrightsof
otherpersons.Suchlimitationsshallnotviolatetheessenceoffreedomsandrights
(clause3).Article47ofthePolishConstitutionprovidesforthateveryoneshall
havetherighttolegalprotectionoftheirprivateandfamilylife,oftheirhonourand
goodreputationandtomakedecisionsabouttheirpersonallife.Havingtheabove-
mentionedgeneralprovisionsinmind,itisrelevanttoverifyhowtheyfunctionin
practice,inrespectofwomen.DoesthePolishlegalsystemcontainnormswhich
guaranteesufficientprotectionofallcitizens?Doesitconstituteasafeharbourfor
everyone?Theseissuesneedacloserobservationandathoroughlegalanalysis.
(Female)bodyasatoolinthehandsofthelegislator
Itisindicatedthatbody,especiallyafemalebody,isentangledinpolitics,sex
and-incertainaspects-alsocorporealityhaspoliticalsignificanceandpolitical
implications(itispolitical“fromthefoundation”)andthefactof“having
abodyidentifiedasfemalehasinfluenceonthepositioninthepoliticalreality,
1
TheConstitutionoftheRepublicofPolandof2ndApril1997,JournalofLawsNo78,item483
of16thJuly1997withamendments.
