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TheimpactofUkrainianmigrationin2014-2018ontheeconomicsecurityoftheRepublicofPoland
Motivesfordepartureandthenatureofmigration
Accordingtoresearchconductedin2015bytheStatisticsDepartmentof
theNationalBankofPoland,migrationfromUkraineafer2014hasunder-
gonesometransformations.Firstly,oneshouldpayattentiontothemotives
ofUkrainiansleavingforPoland.Invariably,themainreasonwhypeople
decidetoleavetheircountryoforiginistheunsatisfactorylevelofremu-
nerationandthelackofwork.However,afertheeventsintheeasternpart
ofthecountry,thepoliticalsituationisincreasinglycitedasapushfactor5.
Since2014,thenumberofimmigrantsfromtheeasternpartofUkraine,
whichissubjecttoarmedattacks,hasincreased,butalsofrompartsof
thecountrywherethereisanindirectriskofhostilitiesspreading.Ana-
lyzesofsurveysshowthatasignificantnumberofUkrainianscameaf-
ter2014totheterritoryoftheRepublicofPolandlookingforajobfor
thefirsttime.Sofar,migrationfromUkrainehasbeenstrictlycircular,
whichmeansthatthesamepeoplecametoPolandregularly.Meanwhile,
about66%ofUkrainiansdeclarethatin2014-2017theycametoPoland
toworkforthefirsttime.Theaboveindicatesthatacompletelynewwave
ofmigrationiscurrentlycomingtoPoland,whichhasnoexperiencein
lookingforajobonthePolishmarket6.Takingintoaccountthenature
ofthecurrentmigration,itshouldalsobenotedthatapprox.78%ofthe
populationcurrentlyarrivingfromUkrainetoPolandarepeople35years
ofagewithahighlevelofeducation,ofenunmarriedandchildless7.
AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSeptember2017bytheSociologi-
calGroupnRating”
,44%ofUkrainiancitizenswouldliketoworkabroad
(anincreaseof3%comparedto2016),while35%declareadesiretoleave
thecountryforgood.ThepreferreddestinationcountrieswereGermany
first,followedbyPoland,theUnitedStatesandCanada8.Moreover,the
5Vide:I.Chmielewska,ObywateleUkrainypracującywPolsce-raportzbadania,
DepartamentStatystykiNBP
,Warszawa2016.
6RaportzbadaniaCAPI,https://poland.iom.int/sites/default/files/Raport%20
IOM%202004%20PL%20FIN%20edit2.pdf[accessed:20.05.2023].
7I.Chmielewska,op.cit.
8MigrationMoodsOfTheUkrainiansInDynamics,http://ratinggroup.ua/en/re-
search/ukraine/dinamika_migracionnyh_nastroeniy_ukraincev.html[accessed:
20.05.2023].
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