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1.1.EvolutionofIBasafieldofstudyintheageofglobalisation
foreignanddomestic)isnotconfinedtomicrolevelbutisalsofocusedonthe
macroeconomicdimension.
Thedynamicexpansionofinternationaltradeandforeigndirectinvestment
(FDI)observedinthe1980sand1990swasastrongstimulusinthedevelopment
ofanewapproachtoIBandtheincreasedinterestintheinternational
determinantsofthisprocess.
IBatacrossroads
Atpresent,IBseemstobeatacrossroads.2Thesteadyriseofglobalisation
andtheincreasedtendencyforacademiccentrestointernationalisetheirresearch
findingsandtrainingprogramsnotonlyintheUS,butalsointheEUarea,
asevidencedintheintroductionoftheEuropeanEducationSpacein2010and
theratificationoftheBolognaProcessagreementsmaycauseIBtobecome
avictimofitsownsuccess.Moreandmoreexpertsseemtoquestionthevery
essenceofIBasaseparatesub-disciplineofstudies.Afterall,ifIB’smissionto
exploretheprocessofinternationalisationhasbeenfulfilled,isthereanyreason
tokeepsupportingthedevelopmentofIBasanindependentfieldofstudiesand
research?[Buckley,Lessard2005,pp.595–599].However,itmaybeworth
emphasisingthat,withthecontinuedglobalisationofbusinessoperations,the
growingliberalisationofitseffectsonthesupplyandthecirculationofmost
factorsofproduction(observedgloballysincetheearly1980s),andwiththe
rapiddevelopmentofinformationandtelecommunicationtechnologiesin
the1990s,researchersspecialisinginIBhavecomeuponawealthofnew
phenomenalinkedtothisnarrowareaofstudies.
Understandingthecomplexnatureofinternationalbusinessanditsregional
applicationsrequiresdetailedstudiesandanalysesofthepatternsandcorrelations
specifictoeachoftheareas(domains)definedabove.Atthesametime,the
practicalrealisationoftransactionsininternationalbusinessrequiresathorough
researchoflocalmarkets,therecognitionoflocaldeterminantsandtheselection
ofthesuitableformofbusinessoperationthatbestoffsetstheabovelimitations.
Theserequirementsintegratethemacroandmicroeconomicaspectsasreflected
inthestructureofthishandbook.
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1.1.2.ThenatureandthedefinitionofInternationalBusiness
ThefieldofIBischaracterisedbyamulti-disciplinaryapproachtothe
empiricallyobservedphenomena.Analysesofprofessionalliteraturesuggestthat
economicactivitieswithininternationalbusinessmaybeappliedatalllevels:the
2Thedeliberationspresentedinsubsection1.1representanexpansionofearlierconcepts,
publishedinthemonographBiznesmiędzynarodowywregionieAzjiiPacyfiku,BogusławaSkulska
(ed.),WydawnictwoAdamMarszałek,Toruń,2009.