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1.1.EvolutionofIBasafieldofstudyintheageofglobalisation
thatthe[internationalaspect’shouldbethesolefactortodifferentiateinternational
businessfromanyotherformofeconomicactivity.
OfalltheaboveIBdefinitions,theonegivenbyGoryniaseemstobethe
mostinclusive,sinceitemphasisesboththerealandtheregulatoryaspectsof
thebusinessactivitiesthatconstituteinternationalbusiness.
Characteristicsofinternationalbusiness
Currentdevelopmentofinternationalbusinessisshapedbytwomega-trends
observedinmoderninternationaleconomy.Thefirstofthesetrendsisglobalisation,
theothertherapid,turbulentandhighlydifferentiateddevelopmentofregional
integrationprocesses.Atthesametime,thesetrendsposemajorchallenges
forinternationalbusiness,sincecompaniesoperatinginthisenvironmentare
requiredtorespondtosuchnewphenomenaastheunstoppableprogressof
technologyandtechniquesofproduction,shortproductlifetimecycles,the
increasedsignificanceofproductionscaleandsales,fiercecompetitionand
newformsofmarketrivalry,thedeterminedincreaseofexpenditureonresearch
anddevelopment(R&D)andinnovation,andthevirtualisationofmanyareas
ofcompanyoperationandbusinesscommunication[Rymarczyk2012,p.25].
Anotherissueworthyofnoteinthiscontextisthespecificityofinternational
businesscomparedtobusinessingeneral,ortolocal/domesticbusiness.
Professionalliteratureprovidesafairlyuniforminterpretationthatputtingaside
certainobvioussimilaritiesbetweenthetwodimensionsabusinessoperation
ontheinternal(domestic)marketdoesindeeddiffersignificantlyfromactivities
relatedtointernationalmarkets.AccordingtoShenkarandLuo,thedifferences
betweendomesticandinternationalbusinesscanbeclassifiedintotwomain
categories[Shenkar,Luo2000,pp.10–11]:
diversificationanddynamicsofthebusinessenvironment,meaningthat
abusinessoperationinaninternationalsettingisburdenedwithgreaterrisk;
operationaldifferencescallingforspecificcompetences,bothontheoperating
andthemanageriallevel.
Domesticandinternationalbusiness
GriffinandPustay,ontheotherhand,suggestthatthefundamentaldifference
betweendomesticandinternationalbusinessliesinthefactthateconomic
transactionsconductedunderIBaremadeacrossnationalborders.Amongother
notabledistinctionssuggestedbytheseauthors,thefollowingseemparticularly
convincing[Griffin,Pustay2007,p.5]:
countriesinvolvedineconomictransactionsoninternationalmarketsmay
settletheirobligationsintheircurrencyofchoice,totheeffectofimproving
thecost-effectivenessandsecurityofbusinessoperations;
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