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INTRODUCTION
itdriedout,couldeasilybeextractedfromthematrix.Afterthiscamethefinalprocedures.Alldecorative
motifsthatwerenotproducedbythematrix,aswellasanyfinalconstructionalelementswereaddednow,
andthelampwasfiredinastandardpotter’skiln,someofwhichhavesurvivedfromantiquity(Bernhard
1955:142-152).
Intheancientworldthemostimportantroleofthelampwas,obviously,toproducelight,butthey
werealsousedinfuneraryritualsandasvotiveolerings(Walters1914:xiv).Lampswereusedtolight
thespaceofbothprivateandpublicbuildings.Houses,workshops,shops,ofcesorsmalloutbuildings
wereallprovidedwithoillamps.Inprivatehouseslampswereeverydayobjects.Teywerelitnotonly
duringeverydaymeals,butalsoduringfeastsorbanquets(Crnobrnja2006:131l.).Alampcouldeasily
remainlightedforthedurationofamealorareception,beforeithadtoberefilled.Tusalampfrom
the5thcenturyBCcouldstaylitfortwotothreehours(Perlzweig1963:10,fig.18).Lampsalsopro-
videdlightforopenspaces,suchasthetown’ssquaresorfortifications.Teyarefoundalongstreetstoo.
However,themajorityofRomanlampsinmoderncollectionscomefromgraves(Walters1914:
xv).TeRomantraditionofplacinglampsintograveswasmostprobablyadoptedfromtheEtruscans
(Bernhard1955:80-81).LampsalsoplayedtheirpartinRomanfunerarypractices.Duringtheexpo-
sureofthebodyofthedeceased,burningfameswereputaroundthecorpse.Torcheswereputatthe
cornersofthecatafalque,andcandelabrumwithasinglecandleneartheheadandfeet.Inthecontext
oftheritualthelightcouldhavehadaroleofpurification,oritcouldhavebeenofanapotropaicchar-
acter(Crnobrnja2006:140).
Avotivefunctionhasbeenassignedtolampswhichhavebeenfoundintemples.BoththeGreeksand
Romansusedtoolerlampstotheirgods(Walters1914:xv).Alamplittoagodcouldhavebeenlitsimply
asanactofreverence,orgratitude,butalsoasarequestforintercession.Ancientsuperstitionsandfolk
customsalsoinvolvedoillamps.Oneofthemwasthemethodsometimesemployedofchoosinganame
foranew-bornchild.Afewlampswerelitatthesametime,eachonebeingassignedtoadilerentname.
Techildwasgiventhenamethatwasassignedtothelampthatwasthelasttogoout.AccordingtoJohn
Chrysostom(HomiliesonFirstandSecondCorinthiansXII,13)itwasbelievedthatanameselectedinthis
waywouldguaranteealonglastinglifeforthechild.Tenamesofgladiators,horsesorcharioteerscould
bestampedonthediscusofanoillamp.Victoriesinfightsorraceswerecommemoratedinthisway(Ber-
nhard1955:216-217).LampswithwisheswrittenonthemweregivenasgiftsonNewYear’sEve(Bernhard
1955:163).
DescriptionoftheCatalogue
Tecatalogueincludesallterracottalampsandtheclaymatricesusedfortheirproductionwhichhave
beenexcavatedatNegotinoGradištefrom2007until2014.Telampshavemostlybeenfoundinthean-
cientdomesticquartersofthesettlement.Inthecataloguetheartefactsaregroupedchronologicallyand
thentypologically.Everycatalogueentrybeginswiththecataloguenumber,whilenumeralscorresponding
tothedrawingandphotographicplatesareputnexttoit.Platesareplacedattheendofthevolume.Each
oftheartefactsisdrawnfromtheabove,atascaleof1:1,andatleastoneexamplewithinthetypological
groupisdelineatedinthesideview.Allthedrawingsandphotographsintheplatesweremadebythe
authorofthevolume,DorotaSakowicz.
UnderIislistedtheinventorynumberfortheartefactsfromthesite,(C’standsforthefirstletterinthe
CyrillicalphabetfortheMacedonianwordсветилкаmeaninglamp;thefollowingtwodigitsstandfor
theyear/seasoninwhichtheobjectwasfound,andthelastnumberistheregistrationnumberfortheyear
inquestion.Duetogapsintheinventory,someofthenumbersgiveninthissectionhavebeentakenfrom
thefieldinventoryforeachindividualtrench.
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