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Introduction:RoyalPowerReconsidered
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truthandreliability,Morawiecclaimsthatitmayreflecttheenergeticpropagan-
distactivitydirectedtowardsthekingofDenmarkandundertakenatthetime
ofhisrebellionagainsthisfather.ŁukaszNeubauer(UniversityofTechnology
inKoszalin),inhisarticletitled“BetweenHistoryandPropaganda:Examining
theRoyalandMilitaryAttributesofKnútrinnrikiinLiðsmannaflokkr,”analy-
seshowtheanonymousauthorofthepoemcomparesboththeyoungkingof
EnglandandDenmarkandJarllorkelltheTallasmilitaryleaders.Althoughthe
skald’sintentionwastounderlineKnútr’sabilities,especiallywhencompared
toamuchmoreexperiencedjarl,hisvisionoftheroyalprowessandbravery
maybefoundreliable.BjornBandlien(UniversityCollegeofSouth-Eastern
Norway)discussestheideologicalprogrammeassociatedwithaseriesofcoins
ofÓldfrHaraldsson,mintedca.1024byanEnglishmoneyer,featuringthe
figureofabirdontheirreverses.Thereareonlythreepreservedexamplesof
theseriesanditseemsthattheireconomicvaluewaslimitedastheiremis-
sionwasmainlydictatedbyideologicalmeans,relatedcloselytotheprestige
ofthemonarchandtohistendencytofollowforeign,chieflyAnglo-Saxon,
patternsofroyalideology.ErinMichelleGoeres(UniversityCollegeLondon),
in“TheDangersofGenerosity.Money,PowerandPoliticsinVestrfararvisur
andKdlfsflokkr,”basingontwoeleventh-centurypoemsdedicatedtoÓldfr
HaraldssonandKdlfrArnasonrespectively,discussestheissueofroyalgen-
erositywhichmaybeinterpretedaseitherarewardfortheking’sfollowers
orameansofbuyingoffandneutralizinghisenemies.RafałBorysławski
(UniversityofSilesiainKatowice),in“HlæfdigeandHlaford.GenderedPower
andImagesofContinuityinEncomiumEmmaeReginae,”discussesthedepic-
tionofEmmaasqueeninthecontextsofthecontinuityofpowerandofthe
divisionofgender-orientedrolescontributingtowardsthemysticalrepresenta-
tionoftheroyalrule.MarionPoilvez(UniversityofIceland),inthearticle
titled“AWolfamongWolves.Kings,Outlaws,andDiscourseintheIcelandic
Sagas”analysestheantagonistic,onecouldsay,relationbetweenamonarchand
anoutlaw.Theformersymbolizesjusticeandlaw,thelatterbreaksthelawand
remainsexcludedfromthesociety.Icelandicsagas,however,provideinstances
ofmuchcloserrelationsofbothsidesthatonecouldimagine.Inhisarticle
entitled“IdealsofChristianKingship.TheImplicationsofElucidarius,Konungs
skuggsid,andEirikssagaviðfǫrla,”ArngrimurVidalin(UniversityofIceland)
analysesthesubjectmatterofthreenarratives:Elucidarius,theNorwegian
versionoftheSpeculumregaleandEirikssagaviðfǫrla.Allofthemfocuson
variousaspectsofChristiankingship,strengthenedbythepostulateofroyal
educationinordertogainknowledgeoftheworldasGod’screation.Finally,
LeszekP.Słupecki(UniversityofRzeszów),whosearticletitled“ACrownon
aKing’sHead:RoyalTitlesandRoyalSovereigntyintheTenth-andEleventh-
CenturyPolandandScandinavia”closesthevolume,discussesthedifferencesin
thewayScandinavianandCentralEuropean(Polish,Bohemian,andHungarian)
