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1.Towardsself-authorship:Fromlisteningtoexternalopinions…‹19
ingormakinginformedjudgmentsbecauseitisnotaskill;itisratheraway
ofmakingmeaningoftheworldandone)sself)(BaxterMagolda,1999,p.6).
Researchhasprovedthatthereisadevelopmentalpathontheroadto
self-authorshipfromrelianceonexternalrulesandrolestointernalstandards
ofreasoning(BaxterMagolda,1999,2001;Kegan,1994).BaxterMagolda
(2004b)outlinedfourstagesthroughwhichindividualsprogresstowards
self-authorship:followingexternalformulae,thecrossroads,becomingthe
authorofone)sownlifeandinternalfoundations.Teresearcherseesthese
stagesastheself-authorshipprocess(Table1).
Table1
Theself-authorshipprocess
Followingexternalformulae•trustingauthoritieswhiledecidingwhattobelieve;followingothers’visions
Thecrossroads
Becomingtheauthorof
one’slife
Internalfoundations
Stagedescription
•basingthedecision-makingprocessontheexpectationsofothersorthe
•takingactiontoobtainothers’approval
•atendencytotakeresponsibilityforothers’expectationsandtofeelguilty
•tensionbetweentheexternalinfluenceandthegrowinginternalvoice
•buildinguptrustinone’sownbeliefsystemandpersonal,internalvoice;
•stableandcongruentidentityandsenseofself
ofhowtosucceed–externalvoices
beliefthatfollowingplansmadebyauthoritieswillresultinsuccessinadult
life
whentheyarenotmet
strugglingtosortthroughmultipleperspectives
trustingoneselftodecidewhattobelieve;followingone’svisionofhowto
succeed–aninternalvoiceintheforegroundcoordinatesinformationfrom
externalvoices
Characteristics
Source:BaxterMagolda,2004b,2009;BaxterMagoldaetal.,2012
Terearethreekeycomponentswithinself-authorship.Tefirstone
consistsintrustingoneself-one)sinternalvoice.Apersonisresponsiblefor
interpretingtheirexperiencesbyusingandfollowingtheirinternalvoicein
thedecision-makingprocessofhowtofeelandreact.Tenextelementof
theauthoringskillistheabilitytobuildaninternalfoundation.Itinvolves
embracingone)spersonalcharacteristicsandsenseofselfascornerstonesto