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ofthe16thcenturygrammarbookMinorisDonati
deoctopartibusorationiscompendiosainterpreta-
tion;whileLaurentiusCorvinuswasrenowned
forhiscoursebooktoclassicalstyle,whichatthe
sametimewasthe“hymn”infavorofCracow.
Studiesdevotedtorhetoricpavedthewayfor
aparticipationinmanyimportantformsofpublic
life.Moreover,itstartedtoberegardedasavital
elementofhumanisticeducation:oratorestvir
bonus,dicendiperitus(CatoMajor).Atreatyby
JanSzklarek(ofDobczyce),theologian,conver-
santincanonicallaw,andapreacher,whoedited
acoursebookthatwasacompaniontostudies
adjustedtothePolishrecipient18.
PublicationsoftheChurchFathersbelonged
toclassicworks,forexample,Philosophiaenatu-
ralisIsagoge,publishedbyJanhaller,aswellas
textsbyAlbertusMagnus,aDominicanknown
asdoctoruniversalis,whoinAristotle’soeuvres
perceivedapossibilityofreconciliationofscien-
tificknowledgeandfaith.Thisgroupofwritings
canalsohaveOrationesby:asilofCaesareaand
DecommunioneEucharistiaepennedbyIoannes
Chrysostomus(“golden-mouthed”).Thesetwo
writers,alongwithGregoryofNazianzuz,were
regardedasmosteminentFathersoftheChurch.
Saint:onaventure(GiovanniFidanza),atheolo-
gian,philosopherscholastic,theeighthgeneral
oftheFranciscanswasaolsoreferredtoasdoctor
seraphicus.:onaventureeditedtheactsofhis
ownorderandwastheauthoroftwobiografies
ofSaintFrancisci(Legendamaiors.Francisciand
Legendaminors.Francisci).Also,Breviloquium
BanaventuraeeditedbyRudolphusAgricolawas
verywell-knownatthattime.however,Pseudo-
:onaventureisconsideredtohaveworkedon
thepopularMeditationesVitaeChristi.Polish
editionswereeditedby:altazarOpeć(:althazar
deCracovia)andpublishedin1552inJanhaller’s
Printinghouse,bearingthetitleŻywotpanaJesu
Krista(ALifeofJesuKrist),withaprefacebyJan
Sandecki,aswellasŻywotwssechmocnogosyna
bożegopanaJesuKrista(ALifeoftheAlmighty
SonofGodJesuKrist)byhieronimWietor.
hermeneutic(exegetic)literature,whichaimed
atunderstandingthesenseofthe:ibleinthe
West,begantodevelopinthe4thcentury.Itwas
thetime,whenmoreeminentcommentatorsof
the:iblestaredtoemerge,whereasexegeticwrit-
ingswerepennedbymostoutstandingwritersof
thepatrologicalperiod;theirformwasdiversified
toagreatextent,thatis,itrangedfromtypicalsci-
entifictreatiestoaccessiblehomilies.Withinthis
group,therearetextsoftheoreticalanddoctrinal
nature(speculativetheology),aswellasofpracti-
calandmoralone(practicalandmoraltheology).
Apartfromtheabove-mentionededitions,pos-
tillasalsogainedpopularity,whichcommentedon
particularbooksoftheOldandNewTestaments,
forinstance,psalms(JanvanCampen,Andrzej
Krzycki),Epistles(MichaelFalkener,Stanisław
Leopolita).AbishopAndreasdeEscobar(1348-
1448),adoctoroftheologyandapapalconfes-
sor,wasknownforhisbucolicwritings,suchas
Confessiominor,Dedecimis,Canonespenitentiales.
In1535,hispopularcoursebookContentahoc
libellomodusconfitendi,withexegesis,examples
andcanonsforconfessors,waspublishedby
MaciejSzarffenberg.Numerousmarginaliaprove
itsreadershipreception.Similarworks,directed
topreachersandconfessors,werepublishedby
JakubofTuchów,Mikołajof:łonie(NicolausVar-
saviensis),JanofOświęcim,WalentynofPoznań,
whileMateuszofKościanpublishedCohortiacio
SamaticarumEcclesiarumadantiquaeetavitae
religionisobservationem.
Inspeculativetheology,writingsbyrepre-
sentativesofearlyscholasticismandlatemedieval
authorswerecollected.Themostrenownedand
thusmotpopularscholasticoeuvre,whichlaidthe
foundationsforlecturesintheologyintheMiddle
Ages,wereSententiaepennedbyPeterLombard,
whichwerecommentedonintheRenaissanceas
well,forexamplebyMichaelFalkener.Among
philosophicaltexts,numerouseditionsofAris-
totle’sworks,alongwithcommentaries,should
bementionedatthebeginning.Fromthe16th
centuryCracoweditionsofAristotle’sworks,the
followinghavebeenfoundinthebookcollection,
TriumlibrorumdeanimaAristotelisfamiliaris
exposition,editedbyFlorianUngler,Logicavetus
andTextuselenchorum,aswellasmonographsby
PietroRoselli,JacobFabriorMichaelFalkener.
Moreover,textsbyDunsScotusandAlbertus
Magnushadtheircommentarieswritten.
Aconsiderablecollectionwasalsothatofcon-
troversialliterature,bothbytheproponentsofthe
Catholicwingandotherfaiths,suchasStanisław
:yliński,JanCochlaeus,JohnEck,AndrzejKry-
cki,orThomasdeVio.FilippoArchinto(1500-
1558),thearchbishopofMilan,atheologian,law-
yer,andpapaldiplomat,wasalsotheauthorof
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