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2.Arabs,(H)agarenes,Ishmaelites,Saracens…
23
MostfrequenttobefoundareArabs,SaracensorSkenites.Christianauthors
attemptedtointroducethenamesofArabtribesknowntothemfromtheBible,
hencesuchnamesasIshmaelitesorAgarenes(Hagarenes).
ForJohnofEphesustheinhabitantsofthePeninsulaweresimplyArabs
7.
AlsoTeophanesusesmainlythisname,sometimesswitchingtoHagarenes
orSaracens
8.InTeophylactSimocattaandArethaswecanalsofindSaracens
(TeophylactemphasizedthatArabtribesarecalledSaracensbyhabit)
9.Anasta-
siusSinaiteandTeodoreLectorusesboth,Saracens
10andArabs11alternative-
ly.CosmasIndicopleustessawtheArabsasdescendantsofbiblicalHam
12.John
ofDamascusreferstothemasIshmaelitesand-followingEusebius-derives
thenamefromIshmael,sonofHagarandAbraham.HecallsthemHagarenesas
well
13.PeopleofthePeninsulausedtobeIshmaelitesalsoforJohnofNikiu14and
Sebeos
15,althoughthelatterhappenstousethetermArabs16orHagar’sdescend-
antsoccasionally
17.InthetreatybyPhilotheustheyappearasfiendsHagarenes18,
whereasinthesourcesofSyriacorigintheyarecommonlyreferredtoasTayydyē
19.
Tequestionwhichwemustputhereiswhetheralltheabovetermsmeant
thesameandwhetheranequalitysigncanbeputbetweenthem.Teissuegets
complicatedalsoduetothefactthatthereisnouniquedefinitionoftheterm
AraborSaracen.Sometimestheywereusedtodenoteatribe,atothertimesthey
includedallpeoplesoftheArabianPeninsula,or(lateron)allMuslims.Scholars
havenoticeddilerentmeaningsofthetermArabsintheworksofGreekand
RomanwritersincomparisontothesefromtheMiddleEast.Teformeruseit
7JohnofEphesus,HE,III,40-42;VI,3;VI,15-16.
8Theophanes,AM6208,p.387.
9TheophylactSimocatta,III,17,7;VIII,1,1;Arethas,p.293.
10AnastasiusofSinai,Diègématastèriktika,B9[LI];C1;C8;C12-14;C18;
TheodoreLector,185-186,314,513,pp.69,75,93,147(e.g.writingaboutMavia’smu-
tiny,warswithPersiansorMundhir’sbaptism).
11AnastasiusofSinai,Diègématastèriktika,C4;TheodoreLector,241,
259,pp.79,82.
12CosmasIndicopleustes,II,26;III,66.
13JohnofDamascus,Dehaeresibus,101,1.
14JohnofNikiu,CXI,9(ed.R.H.Charles,D.Litt;allreferencestothesource
inthischapterareaferthatedition).
15Sebeos,30,p.101;32,pp.104-105;35,pp.131-135;38,pp.145-146.
16Sebeos,30,p.99.
17Sebeos,34,pp.129-130.
18Philotheus,p.163.
19JoshuatheStylite,22,24,51,55,57-60,63,74-75,79,88(transl.F.M.Trom-
bley,J.W
.Watt).AndreasLutherinterpretsTayydyēasArabs.