Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

Zenon Trejnis

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7545-924-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Aspra

Rok wydania:

2019

Liczba stron:

269

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Trejnis, Zenon. Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century. Red. . : Aspra, 2019, 269 s. ISBN 978-83-7545-924-1

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Trejnis, Z.

T1 Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

PB Aspra

YR 2019

SN 978-83-7545-924-1

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 224189, author = "Trejnis, Zenon", editor = "", title = "Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century", publisher = "Aspra", year = "2019", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7545-924-1" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Trejnis, Zenon

ED -

TI - Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

PB - Aspra

CY -

PY - 2019

SN - 978-83-7545-924-1

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Trejnis, Zenon. Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century [baza danych online] : Aspra, 2019 [dostęp: 25 08 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/challenges-and-threats-to-the-security-and-defense-of-poland-in-the-zenon-trejnis-224189.

The monograph is a research project report, and this project, entitled, “Challenges and Threats to the Security and Defense of Poland in the 21st Century,” was implemented as part of the Research Grant No. 997/2018 entitled “The ...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7545-924-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Aspra

Rok wydania:

2019

Liczba stron:

269

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Spis treści niedostępny

TheRiskofRelaxing:theDeterminantstheDeterminantsofPublicDiscourse...

sons.Todaythesequestionsareofparticularimportanceandsomechanges

aretakingplacemeaningradicalandfar-reachingdestructionofpatternsof

actionandpracticesthatdeterminethenatureandshapeofpublicdiscourse

intheclassicalmodelofliberaldemocracy.Therearemanyopinionsthatthis

seriouscrisismeansaslow“deathofdemocracy.”3

LegitimizationandCultureofFreeSpeech.

Democracymeansputtingpublicauthenticationintheforeground.Rejec-

tionofauthoritybasedontheauthorityofindividualsorgroupsmeansthat

decisionscreatingthespaceofauthoritymustbetheobjectofpublicdebate.

Publicityandtheabilitytopersuadegaininimportance1theissueoflegiti-

mizationisresolvedatthislevel.

ReferringtothebeginningsofGreekdemocracy,Jean-PierreVernant,

theauthorofclassicworkemphasizestheseissues:“thesystemofthepolis

implied,ﬁrstofall,theextraordinarypreeminenceofspeechoverallother

instrumentsofpower.Speechbecamethepoliticaltoolparexcellence,the

keytoallauthorityinthestate,themeansofcommandinganddominat-

ingothers.”4Theissueofauthenticatingdecisionsofdecisiveimportance

alwaysﬁndsitssolutioninthedebate1“speechwasnolongertheritual

word,thepreciseformula,butopendebate,discussion,argument.Itpresup-

posedapublictowhichitwasaddressed,astoajudgewhoserulingcould

notbeappealed,whodecidedwithhandsupraisedbetweenthetwoparties

whocamebeforehim.”Andonemoreimportantissue1democracymeans

deﬁnitivedesacralisationofpoliticalpracticesandtherelatedliftingtheveil

ofsecrecy.“Itcanbesaid,writesVernant,thatpolisexistsonlysofarwhen

thesphereofpubliclifehasbeendistinguishedintwodifferentbutrelated

meaningsoftheword:asanareathat,unlikeprivatematters,isofinterest,

andasaﬁeldofavailableactions,performedinbroaddaylight1asopposed

tosecretactivities.”5

Thisgeneraldirectionwillneverchange:thequintessenceofdemocratic

orderistoestablishasphereofmutualreferencesenablingtheexposition

ofopinionandpublicdispute1theshapeofpublicsphere.Theproblem

oflegitimizationisnot,however,asimpleandstraightforwardissueenough

tolimitourselvestothisgeneralformulation.Theclosercharacterization

StevenLevitskyandDanielZiblatt,HowDemocraciesDie.WhatHistoryReveals

AboutOurFuture,(NewYork:CrownPublishingGroup,2018);Thestudiespublishedinthe

“ForeignAffairs”scientiﬁcjournalcanbeanexcellentintroductiontoconsiderations,May-

June2018,presentedundertheslogan:Isdemocracydying?Aglobalreport.

Jean-PierreVernant,Źródłamyśligreckiej,trans.J.Szacki,(Gdansk:Słowo/Obraz

Terytoria,1996),64.

5Ibid.,65.;Gjesdal,“HermeneuticsandtheQuestionofMethod,”337-356.

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Challenges and threats to the security and defense of Poland in the 21st century

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