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KatarzynaŻukrowska
inefficientgovernmentbureaucracy,governmentinstability,restrictivelabor
regulations,accesstofinancing,inadequatesupplyofinfrastructure,inflation,poor
workethic.14Japaneseinvestmentswerefinancedfromforcedsavings.
4.Chinaanditscompetitiveness
Chinaisexpectedtocatchupwiththebiggesteconomicpowersoftheworld:the
US,EU,andJapan.15Mostoftheprognosesforcomingdecadesindicatesuch
vision.Prospectsofthistypearepossiblebutdifficulttoachieve.TheChinese
economyhasthepotentialalthoughtherearenumerousareaswhichhavetochange,
upgrade,becomemoreeffectiveandinnovative.TheChinesepotentialcanbe
ascribedtotheavailabilityoflaborforce.Nevertheless,thislaborforceis
inadequatelysuppliedallovertheChinesemarket.Moreover,thequalityoflabor
differs,whichisfollowedbyproductivityandlowethics.PartoftheChinese
competitivesscomesfromtheunderpaymentforlaboraswellasfromsavingson
socialscostsofthelabor(insurance,pensionsystem,healthexpenses,etc.).Such
sourcesofcompetitivenessarenotlong-lastingbutverytemporary.Wellqualified
andeffectivelaborhastobepaidwellandrequiresallsocialexpenditures.This
featureofcompetitivenesshasitsend.
Chinahas1,345.8millionpopulation.GDPofthiscountryisUSD4,909.0
billion.GDPpercapitainChinaisUSD3,678,whichmatchestheindicatorsshown
forconsecutivestagesofdevelopment.TheGDPmeasuredinpurchasingpower
parity(PPP)deductedasshareoftheworldtotalis12.52%.16Allofthosefigures
showthepotentialoftheChineseeconomy.Moreover,thosefiguresseeninthe
longerperspective,retrospectivelyandprospectively,indicatethattheroleofthe
Chineseeconomyintheworldisontheincrease.
ThefigureindicatedthedynamicsofGDPinpurchasingpowerparity,whichis
viewedagainstthegroupofAsiandevelopingeconomies.Theacceleratedrateof
growthisbeingachievedbyChinaafter1996.The2007/2008+crisishasindicated
thatChina,similarlytoremainingemergingmarketsspreadallovertheworld,
becameanimportantconsumptionmarket,whichhadapositiveimpactonboth
lengthaswellasdepthofthecrisis.Inotherwords,thecrisiswouldhavebeen
deeperandlongerifnotthepotentialofconsumptioninemergingworld.Chinawith
itsGDPinPPPcreatesmorethan1/10oftheworldconsumptioncapacity.17
14GlobalCompetitivenessReport2010/2011,op.cit.,p.197.
15DoesitmatterifChinacatchesuptotheUS?,http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/
content/04_49/b3911413.htm(dateofaccess:23.04.2011).
16GlobalCompetitivenessReport2010/2011,op.cit.,p.128.
17K.Kłosiński(ed.),Chiny–Indie.Ekonomiczneskutkirozwoju,KUL,Lublin2008,pp.151-162.
