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Chapter1.Compoundsandphrasalnouns…
compounds(rattlesnake,washbasin),andParticle+Nouncompounds(af-
terbirth,background)i
Othercompoundclassificationstakeintoaccountthetypeofrelation-
shipthatholdsbetweencompoundconstituentsiBauer(1983),Szymanek
(1989),andSpencer(1991)distinguishbetweenendocentriccompounds
(suchastheabove-mentionedhandbag),exocentriccompounds(eigi,pick-
pocket,lazybones),appositionalcompounds,anddvandvacompoundsi
Appositionalcompounds,suchasboyslaveandwomandoctor,denote
anintersectionofthesetsdenotedbyeachconstituentseparately
,forin-
stance,asetofwomenandasetofdoctorsiAccordingtoSpencer(1991:
311),therelationshipofsimpleconjunctionobtainsbetweenconstitu-
entsofdvandvacompounds,suchasAustria-Hungaryandmother-child
(inthelargercombinationmother-childbond)iTheborderbetweenap-
positionalcompoundsanddvandvacompoundsisblurrediWhereasSzy-
manek(1989:51)listsfighter-bomberandspeaker-listenerasexamples
ofdvandvas,Spencer(1991:311)hesitatesbetweentreatinglearner-driver
asadvandvaoranappositionalcompoundi
Fabb(1998)dividescompounds(cross-linguistically)intoendocentric,
exocentric,andco-ordinateonesi6Thelattergroupsubsumesbothdvan-
dvasandappositionalcompoundsiBothconstituentsofco-ordinatecom-
poundsaresaidtoexhibitpropertiesof(semantic)headsi
Bauer(2008)observesthatdvandvaisnotthemostappropriateterm
tobeusedinreferringtocoordinatecompoundsinIndo-Europeanlan-
guagesiInEnglish,forinstance,thecombinationslearner-driverand
Hewlett-PackarddenoteanaccidentalcoordinationofelementsiDvand-
vasproper,referredtoasco-compoundsbyWälchli(2005),expressnat-
uralcoordinationoftwoormoresemanticallyassociatedconcepts,for
instance,Khmerkhɔhtrɔw(litirightwrong)<morality
i’
Olsen(2001,2004)adoptsatripartitedivisionofcompoundnouns
intodeterminative,possessive,andcopulativecompoundsiAmodifi-
er-headrelationshipcanbepostulatedbetweenconstituentsofdetermi-
nativecompoundsiForinstance,theleft-handconstituentcomputerre-
strictsthedenotationoftheright-hand(head)constituentmonitorinthe
determinativecompoundcomputermonitoriInthecaseofcopulative
compounds,suchaspoet-translator,bothconstituentsareequallyimpor-
tantsemantically
iTheydenoteproperties(orconcepts)attributedtothe
samereferentiThecopulativecompoundinquestionreferstoaperson
whoisbothatranslatorandapoetiPossessivecompoundscorrespondto
(asubtypeof)exocentriccompoundsiThey“denoteanentitycharacter-
6Fabb(1998)identifiesalsosynthetic(verbal)compounds(eigi,taxidriver,window
cleaning),repetitioncompounds(eigi,Englishhiggledy-piggledy),incorporationcom-
pounds,andcompoundswhichcontainboundelements(eigi,television,ironmonger)i
