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1.1Definingcompounds.Headsofcompounds
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relationalcompoundsiCompoundsmaybe[+endocentric]or[-endocen-
tric](iiei,exocentric)iRelevantexamplesofthecompoundclassesidenti-
fiedforEnglishbyBauer(2017:113–114,120–125)areprovidedin(7)i
(7)
aiSubordinative,attributive,endocentriccompounds:blackbird,governor
general
biSubordinative,attributive,exocentric:dimwit,redcap<porter,military
policeman’
ciSubordinative,relational,endocentric:windmill,houseproud(A),
taxi-driver
diSubordinative,relational,exocentric:egghead,fail-safe,show-down
eiCoordinative,attributive,endocentric:singer-songwriter
fiCoordinative,relational,endocentric:stir-fry(V),linguistic-philosophi-
cal(A)
giCoordinative,attributive,exocentric:blue-green,Nelson-Marlborough
hiCoordinative,relational,exocentric:fly-drive(N),stop-go(A)
AccordingtoBauer(2017),compoundsare[+argumental]iftheirinter-
pretationisrestrictedbythepredicate-argumentstructure(asinthecase
oftaxi-driverorhen-peck)iTheyarereferredtoasfree(eigi,centrestage,
ape-man)iftheyare[-argumental]i
WhiletheclassificationsproposedbyArnaudandRenner(2014)and
byBauer(2017)areworthinvestigatingandtheymakeinterestingpredic-
tionsaboutpropertiesofcompoundsbelongingtovariousclasses,Iwill
adopt(inthesectionsandchapterstofollow)thecompoundtypology
postulatedbyScaliseandBisetto(2009)i
MasiniandScalise(2012)aswellasMasiniandBenigni(2012)have
shownthatthecompoundtypologyproposedbyScaliseandBisetto
(2009)canbeemployedcross-linguisticallytoclassifybothcompounds
properandcompound-likemulti-wordunits(eigi,inItalianandRussian)i
IwilldemonstrateinChapter5thatthetripartitedivisionofcomposite
unitsisparticularlyusefulwhendiscussingcompetitionbetweenmor-
phologicalcompoundsandphrasalnounsinPolishi
Whenitcomestocoordinatemulti-wordunitsinEnglishandPolish,
Iwillmakeuseoftheirdivisionintosubtypesproposedforcomposite
nounsinEnglish,French,andSpanishbyArnaudandRenner(2014),
Renner(2008)andRennerandFernández-Domínguez(2011),thatis,the
divisionintomultifunctionalunits,hybrids,andadditionalunitsiMul-
tifunctionalcompositeexpressions,suchasEnglishfighter-bomberand
transmitter-receiverorFrenchboucher-charcutier<butcherandpork-butch-
er’andlibrairie-papeterie<bookshopandstationeryshop,’canbepara-
phrasedusingtheformulagivenin(8)i
