Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
Tedidacticfunctionisexpressedinhighermilitaryeducationofthesubject
andinthecommandsandoperationalstaistraining8.
IntheUnitedStates,itisdescribedas“Operationalartcanbeunderstood
asacognitiveapproachutilisedbycommandersandstais,supportedbytheir
skills,knowledge,experience,creativityandjudgement.Itisusedtodevelop
campaignsandoperationstoorganiseandemploymilitaryforcesbyintegrating
ends,waysandmeans.NATOdefinesoperationalartas“meemployment
offorcestoattainstrategicand/oroperationalobjectivesthroughthedesign,
organisation,integrationandconductofstrategies,campaigns,majoroperations
andbattles”9,10.
TeAmericansandNATOpracticalapproachisnoteworthy,asitgoes
farbeyondtheutilitarianaspectproposedinthePolishsenseabove.Itcanbe
concludedthattheArmedForcesoftheUnitedStatesandtheNorthAtlantic
Allianceprimarilyfocusontheknowledgeusefulness,thesourcesofwhichis
notonlythetheorybutalsocommanders’andstańs’experience,creativityand
skillsaswellastheuseinaction.Bothdefinitionsemphasisethisapproach.
1.2.TheOperationalArtBeginnings
Teoperationalarttheoreticalfoundationswerereflectedintheartofwarfare
epistemologyasearlyasthe18thcentury.However,theoperationalart
termwasofciallycoinedintheSovietregulationsin1922.Soviettheorists
comprehendedtheoperationasawiderthanatacticalunderstandingof
militaryoperationsscope,includingbattlesandfghtscarriedoutonalarge
scale,relatedtoeachotherunderacommongoal11.
Whathasledtothisdevelopment?Why,afermillenniaofarmedconflicts
whichemployedtheuseofstrategyandtacticsknowledge,didtheoperational
artcomeintobeing?Howtoexplainitsorigins?
Teoperationalartcommonlyassumedtohavebeenderivedfromthe
Napoleonicwars,thePrussian-Austrian(1866)andthePrussian-French
(1870-1871)warsexperiences.Teartwasdevelopedduringbothworldwars.
8
See:J.Zieliński,Zarys...,p.8-21.
9
AAP-6NATOGlossaryofTermsandDefnitions,NATOStandardisationAgency
2014,p.288.
10
JointPublication3-0,JointOperations,Waszyngton2017,p.II-3.
11
See:A.Czupryński,Sztuka...,p.66.
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