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Havinginscribedbothcommunicativesituationandsocialcontextand,
therefore,theideaofparticipantsindiscourseproduction(addressersand
addressees),discourseconstructsdiscoursecommunitiesasbearersof
particularcommunicativesituationsandparticulardiscoursecontexts.As
wesee,thecomplexityoftheresearchunitisgrowingopeningTextStudiesto
DiscourseStudies.
Makingtheideaofdiscoursemorecomplexdoesnotpreventitfrombeing
morespecific.Wespecify(withreferencetotheCausal-GeneticApproach
todiscoursemodelling)theexistenceoffourideationaland,thus,content-
revealingnotsomuchcompositional,butratherfunctionalaspectsof
discourse,whicharesimultaneouslyrevealedandrevealitsfourfacesor
afour-biasedstructur.TheseIbiases’are:text-bias,language-bias,cognition-
biasandevaluation-bias.
Withthiswestatethatdiscourseassuchmaybetreatedinthefieldof
DiscourseLinguisticsatamacrolevelasastarting(initial)andoperational
researchunit.
Thenotionofdiscoursetypeisdirectlylinkedtothenotionofdiscourse
community:whilediscoursetyperepresentsthethematic(referential)
componentofdiscourseproduction,discoursecommunityrepresentsits
socialcontext.Whatisspecificaboutdiscourserevealingitstransformational
natureisthattherelationsbetweentheformandthecontentoftheunit
studiesarereciprocal.Whilediscoursecommunitystartstobethethematic
centerofresearch,discoursetypestartstoplaytheroleofitssocialcontext.
Withthislogicswecanacceptbothunitsofresearchdiscoursetypeand
discoursecommunityascentralandequallyimportantforthefieldof
DiscourseLinguistics.
Withthisangleofvisioninmind,discoursetypeanddiscoursecommunityin
theirinterrelationarespecifiedastheobjectofaresearchdiscussionopened
involume5.
2.AppliedLinguisticsasaninterdisciplinaryscientificandapplied
fielddevelopedwithinsocietyneeds
ThedefinitionofAppliedLinguisticsiscountry-specificthoughthereare
anumberofelementswhicharealwaysinthefocusofattention,namely:
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