Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
22|Chapter1.TheOtherMethodologyoftheOther
Itiseasiertotheorizetheabusesofcitizenshipthantoproposeapositive
projectoftheopencitizenoftheworld.However,pointingoutlimitationsis
initselfanattemptofreform.Amonological,identitariancitizenshipbasedon
nationalityisoutofthequestionnotonlywhenfacedwithhybridization,mes-
tizaje,orinterculturality.Ontheotherhand,theHcosmopolitanself”ofJeremy
WaldronistoomuchinthespiritofHanythinggoes.”Inotherwords,whereas
thenationalcitizenshipisnotinclusiveenough,thepostmodernoneistooin-
clusive.WhynotoptforacompromiseinthesenseoftheKristevanthirdway
ofthesubject-in-process.Likewise,becauseofhumancomplexity,ambiguityand
conflicts,democracyisin-process,heterogeneousandopen-ended.Participatory
orrepresentative,itcannotbeunitary;thereforeaHsystemofrepresentation
shouldnotbeapureexpressionofanysinglemodeoftrustee,interest,identity
oranyotherformofrepresentation.”
34
Couldasimilarlypluralideaofcitizenship
-notreducedtooneidentity,butflexibleandopentochange-befounded?
Betweenthecommunitarianconceptofcitizenship
35
andanexplosionof
citizenshipnegationinpostmodernism,IwouldplacethepostulateofKant.
AremarkablecontinuationofthisisHabermas’sprojectofEuropeancivil
society.
36
Itstressestheroleofthepublicopinionofcommunicativepractices,
whichwouldenabletheformationofpoliticalwill,notonlybygovernments,
butalsobycitizens.Defenderofmodernityagainstpostmodernistattacks,
Habermasisonlytoorighttoappealtopublicopinion,productoftheEn-
lightenment.UnderCommunism,thepublicopiniondidnotexistorwas
restrictedtounderground,indeedprivate,networking.InEasternEuropeitis
aliveandwellseveralyearsintothetransition,butnotyetinfullswing.Nor
isourlartofassociating’(Tocqueville).37Evenifpublicopinionisactive,it
confinesitselftothenationalcauseasthisseeminglyconstitutestheburning
issueofournewlyfoundednation-states.Tereisnotenough,ifindeedany,
transnationalpublicopinioninthisregionofEurope:itdoesnotinvolveciti
-
34
DavidPlotke,HRepresentationisDemocracy,”inConstellation,volume4,number1(1997),32.
35
Foradiscussionofthecommunitarianconceptofcitizenship,cf.UlrichK.Preuss,HPatterns
ofConstitutionalEvolutionandChangeinEasternEurope,”inGrapplingwithDemocracy:
DeliberationsonPost-Communistsocieties(1990-1995),editedbyElzbietaMatynia(Prague:
SociologickeNakladatelstvi,1996),125-127.
36
JürgenHabermas,Obywatelstwoatożsamośćnarodowa(HCitizenshipandNationalIdentity”),
translatedbyBarbaraMarkiewicz(Warszawa:WydawnictwoIFiSPAN,1993).
37
AlexisdeTocqueville,HOntheUsethattheAmericansMakeofAssociationinCivilLife,”in
DemocracyinAmerica,editedandtranslatedbyHarveyC.MansfieldandDelbaWinthrop
(Chicago:UniversityofChicago,2000).
