Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
FichteanHatingversusKantianHosting
|
21
oftheparticularandofthegeneralfollowsthedialecticoflasocialsociality’
andstimulatescreativity.Itisherethattaste-anotherphenomenonof
dualcharacter-develops.TasteisseenbyKantastherealmwhichisthe
mostsubjectedtosocialconsensusand,atthesametime,asanintimate,
individualterritory.
Kantprojectshisoxymoronicdefinitionofsubjectivityontointerna-
tionalrelationswhenIdeenbringthepostulateofestablishingaSocietyof
Nations(FoedusAmphictyonum).Tisisaprojectedunprecedentedreality
ofcosmopolitanismwhichinKant’sopinionisdifcult,mad,butinevitable.
ZumewigenFriedenintroducestheideaofaiuscosmopoliticumandofafed-
eration,civitasgentium,oftheglobe.Here,however,ratherapreservation
ofdilerencesthanuniformizationwouldbeencouraged.Dilerentiationis
guaranteedbythepluralityoflanguagesandreligions.AccordingtoKant,
asimultaneouspoliticalunificationandarespectfordilerenceswouldproduce
worldpeace.TephilosopherfusesthethoughtofJudaism,Christianity,and
theEnlightenment(athesisputforwardbyRickert32);inmyview,itishis
cosmopolitanismwhichisaprimeandvaluableexampleofthissynthesis.
Kant,Arendt,andKristevastartwiththeirconceptualizationofequiv-
ocalsubjectivityonlytotransposetheintrasubjectivecomplexityonto
politics.Teyproposeanentryintoworldhistorywithoutelacinghuman
diversity.Canoneriskdescribingtheirideaasfollows:subjects-in-process
joinacosmopolitanconfederationofelementaryrepublics?EvenifIgotoo
farincouplingtheJelersoniansystemofwardscelebratedbyArendtwith
supranationalism,wedealwithprojectswhichtransgressunitarysolutions
orDerrideandiléranceandmayprovidearemedytodangerousextremisms.
Woulditbepossibletoretainheretheconceptofcitizenship,movingaway
fromitsreductiontonation-statemembershipandreturningtotheStoic
Hcitizenoftheuniverse”andKant’siuscosmopoliticum?Inthehomageto
herteacherandfriend,KarlJaspers,Arendtputsaquestionmarkafterthe
termHcitizenoftheworld.”33Shewarnsagainstcentralizedpoweroverthe
globe.Atthesametime,however,shepointstoHaframeworkofuniversal
mutualagreements,whicheventuallywouldleadintoaworld-widefederated
structure.”WhatiftheArendtiancouncilsconfederatedglobally?
32
HeinrichRickert,KantalsPhilosophdermodernenKultur.EingeschichtsphilosophischerVersuch
(Tübingen:MohrSiebeck,1924).
33
HannahArendt,HKarlJaspers:CitizenoftheWorld?,”inMeninDarkTimes(NewYorkand
SanDiego:AHarvestBook,1983),81-94.