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38|Chapter1.TheOtherMethodologyoftheOther
LikeJuliaKristevaandHaroldBloom,MariaJaniondrawsonthe
Freudiancategoryofhomelystrangeness,theUncanny(dasUnheimliche);like
MarthaC.Nussbaum,sheadvocatescosmopolitanism.Tisishumanism
afteranti-humanism,consciousoftheunconscious;ofdestructivedrives;of
thedangersofchauvinisms;ofdisrespecttoothernessandALTERITY;of
theclosingofthehumanistcanon.Openinguptoothersbestowsanethical
dimensiontohumanism.Hereis,followingthesubtitleofNussbaum’sstudy,
[a]classicaldefenseofreforminliberaleducation,whichallowsthetitular[c]
ultivatinghumanity.Apost-anti-humanisthumanismistheHthirdway”be-
tweentheclosedconservatismandpostmodernism.JuliaKristeva,Martha
C.Nussbaum,HaroldBloomandMariaJanionbeginwiththeexperience
oftext,includingclassicaltextsofhumanities.Teirreadingispluralist,
intertextual,open;itprovidesthebasisforextendingtheinnerspaceofthe
subject.Movingawayfromtheclosedmodelofthehumansubject,theypoint
towardsasubjectiveplurality-in-unity,whilenotabandoningthenotionof
thesubjectinapoststructuralistfashion.Kristeva,Bloom,Nussbaumand
Janioncombinehumanismasself-reflectionwithaproposedethicsofmul-
ticulturalsubjectivity,cosmopolitanism,areachingouttootherness.
MystartingpointwasFoucault’scritiqueofhumanismandofthephi-
losophyofthesubjectinhisreadingofLasMeninas.Hisreadingwasin
turncritiquedbytheoreticians,includingJohnR.Searle,andotherscholars;
ManuelaMena,acuratorwiththePradomuseum,managedtorevealearly
versionsofthepainting,establishingthattheeventualshapewasatleast
partlyinfluencedbythedynasticcomplicationsattheSpanishcourt.90Ico-
nologistandauthorofthestudyHistoriasztukiwśródnaukhumanistycznych
91
JanBiałostockiremarksonVelázquez’spainting:
IntextbooksonBaroquesymbolism,anemptycanvasonaneaselmightsignifythepuresoul
ofachildlThelargecanvasinVelázquez’sworkcouldbeconnectedwithamoralizingand
didacticintentofthepaintinglLasMeninascouldpossiblybereadasanexpressionofthe
notionofsocialresponsibility
,wisdomandrectitudel92
90
ManuelaMena,HElencajedelamangadelaenanaMari-BárbolaenLasmeninasdeVelázquez”,
MuseodelPrado:fragmentosydetalles(1997),135-163.
91
JanBiałostockimentionshereHthesurprisingapproachestothehistoryofideasandculture
intheworksofFoucault”.JanBiałostocki,Historiasztukiwśródnaukhumanistycznych(Wro-
cław-Warszawa-Kraków-Gdańsk:WydawnictwoPolskiejAkademiiNaukOssolineum,
1980),5.
92
JanBiałostocki,Sztukacenniejszaniżzłoto(Warszawa:PWN,1974),vol.2,122.