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law–enteredintheregistryofnationalmonuments,alistwhichhas
beenkepteversincetheideaofpreservinghistoricalmementoesof
thepastachievedsocialmeaningandanationaldimension1.Also,
monumentsneededspecializedconservationmethodsandtechnical
ability,effectivelylimitingaccessbynon-professionals.Ontheother
hand,therewasandisnolegalprotectionfortheenormouspart
ofourheritagewhichdecidesaboutthelocalidentityofthecity,
aboutitsspecificcharacterandqualities,andwhichwasexposedto
chancetransformations.Forthisreason,fromthemomentwhen,
bothintheoryandpractice,acoherentsystembegantobebuilt,
theprotectionofhistoriccitiesinPolandwascoupledwithtown
planning,asdevelopmentplanswereviewedasalsoalegalinstrument
forprotectingtheculturalheritage.
Thoughboththeeffectivenessoflawsfortheprotectionofhistoric
monumentsandthefunctioningofurbanplanningandrespectfor
therequirementssetdowninlocaldevelopmentplanswere,inthe
centrallymanagedeconomyofpost-warPoland,fairlyillusory,the
methodologywascorrect.Itassumedthatinanintegratedapproach
tothevariousproblemsofthecity,revealedduringtheplanning
process,issuesofprotectingitshistoricalstructure,shouldinfluence
thecity’scontemporaryshapeandfunctions.Thisapproach,both
initsbeginningsduringtheinterwarperiodandinthecontinued
attemptsafterthewar,situatedPolishactivitiesinthisareawithin
themostavangarde,internationaltrends.Itwasalsodistinguished
bytheintroductionofamorescholarlyaspectintothemethodology
ofprotectinghistoricalcities,especiallyintheimportantpreparation
phaseoftheplan,bycarryingoutessentialhistoricalstudies,something
mostEuropeancountriesareonlybeginningtointroducetoday.For
obviouspoliticalreasonsandbecauseofpost-warisolation,Poland’s
achievementsinthisareawerehardlyknowninEuropeandtheKPolish
SchoolofConservationPractice”,inspiteofitsinsitentopeningupto
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1
Theoldestandstillrespectedentriestotheregisterofmonumentsdateback
tothe1930s.Accodingtotheregistrybookkeptsystematicallysince1933,among
theentriesaretheurbanlayoutofKrakówwithinthecircleofthePlanty(A-1
z1933r.),theWawelbuildingsandhill(A-7zlat1931–1933);theSaxonGarden
withtheurbanplanoftheSaxonAxisinWarsaw–entryfrom1930.
