Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
AlawmayhaveanexpostfactoeffectwithoutbeingtechnicallyexpostfactoiForexample,
whenalaw(5)___
___
___
_apreviouslaw,therepealedlegislationnolongerappliestothe
situationsitoncedid,evenifsuchsituationsarosebeforethelawwasrepealediTheprinciple
ofprohibitingthecontinuedapplicationofthesekindsoflawsisalsoknownasNullumcrimen,
nullapoenasinepraevialegepoenali,particularlyinEuropeancontinentalsystemsi
Somecommonlawjurisdictionsdonotpermitretroactivecriminallegislation,though
newprecedentgenerallyappliestoeventsthatoccurredpriortothejudicialdecisioniEx
postfactolawsare(6)___
___
___
_forbiddenbytheUnitedStatesConstitutioniInsome
nationsthatfollowtheparliamentarysystemofgovernment,suchastheUnitedKingdom,
expostfactolawsaretechnicallypossibleasthedoctrineofparliamentary(7)___
___
___
_
allowsParliamenttopassanylawitwishesiHowever,inanationwithanentrenched
(8)___
___
___
___
_ofrightsorawrittenconstitution,expostfactolegislationmaybe
prohibitedi
5ia)repels
6ia)expressly
7ia)superiority
8ia)bill
b)repeals
b)expressively
b)dominance
b)code
c)invokes
c)inherently
c)supremacy
c)scope
Accesstoalawyer
Usethecorrectformofthewordinbrackets.
Today,theEuropeanCommissionhasadoptedaproposalforadirectiveontherightof
accesstoalawyerincriminalproceedingsandontherighttocommunicateuponarresti
TheCouncilofBarsandLawSocietiesofEurope(CCBE)welcomesthisproposal,which
createsforthefirsttimeanEU(enforce)___
___
___
___
_righttohaveearlyand(continue)
___
___
___
___
___
___accesstoalawyerthroughoutcriminalproceedingsi
TheCCBEistherepresentativeorganisationofaround1millionEuropeanlawyersthrough
itsmemberbarsandlawsocietiesfrom31fullmembercountries,and11furtherassociateand
(observe)___
___
___
__countriesi
TheCCBEwillbegintoexaminetheproposalindetail,butitwelcomesthe(include)
___
___
___
___
__and(recognise)___
___
___
___
_oftheimportanceofguaranteeing
the(confidential)___
___
___
___
_ofallcommunicationsbetweenalawyerandclienti
Alsonoteworthyandtobewelcomedisthefactthatthedirectivewillapplytosurrender
proceedingsbasedonaEuropeanArrestWarranti
uThisproposaldemonstratestheEuropeanCommission’s(commit)___
___
___
___
_to
ensuringthatcitizenshavethesamebasicrightsintheirdealingswithcriminaljusticesystems,
19
