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AGNIESZKAGAJEWSKA
thedivisionsintotheprivate,publicandsocialspheresaresuperimposed
ontothegrammaticalmasculinecategory.Yet,masculinityperceivedas
agendered,sexualandphysiologicalbeing(Grosz1994)canalsoreveal
itseroticandsubversivecharacter.Itisobviouslyautopianlinguisticpro-
ject,butIwillallowmyselfthisthoughtexperiment.Itdoesnotvictimise
“femaleusers”ofthePolishlanguage,butitgivesthemanopportunity
tomomentarilytakeovermasculinecategoriesandusethemaselements
nomorerepresentativethanfemininecategories.Thisutopiaalsoconsists
intheexcess,proliferation,expansionintovariousdirections,beingmore
thanone,undermining(evenifmomentary)ofidentityboundaries.
Thetranslator’sstancerevealsthescandalofauthorship,thescandal
–touseBakhtin’sterm–of“another’sspeech,”polyphonyaswellasthe
constitutivelackofautonomyofeverytext.Moreover,itindicatesthene-
cessityofinterlingualtransgression,theinsufficiencyofthe“native”cul-
ture,thedesirefortransferanddialoguewhichhasnolimits.Additionally,
thetranslator’scraftfullyrevealscommunicationproblemsandnegotiates
betweenindividualwordsandphrases,provingthecompromisingnature
ofeverylinguisticdecisionandtheimpossibilityofdesigningthereader’s
reception.Yet,thereismoretoit:femaleormaletranslatorsdemonstrate
thatindividualchoicesexist,thatsolutionsaremostlyone-off,thatthey
resisthomogenization,paradigms,theories,andgeneralisations.Thus,
translatorsoftenclaimtheyarenotinterestedinthetheoryoftranslation,
andeveniftheyare,itisnotusefulduringthetranslationofaspecific
text.Inherarticle“Palec,którywskazujeksiężyc”(AFingerPointingto
theMoon),OlgaTokarczukconcentratesontheclosecooperationbetween
translatorsandauthorsandemphasizes:
Forthewritertranslatorsoftenactashelpfulpsychoanalysts–theyaskthe
mostastoundingquestions.Thesequestionsshouldbewrittendown,savedand
publishedeverysoofteninseparateeditionstoletreadersappreciatethemira-
cleofwritingandthedifficultyoftranslation.Andthemiracleoflanguagein
general.Owingtotranslators,theobviousandtheuniversallosetheirintrin-
siccoherenceandbecomeobscureandcompletelylocal(Tokarczuk2010:21;
trans.A.M.).
Therefore,translatorsmaybeconsideredresearchersofindividualcas-
es,interestednotinrepresentativenessandmajority,butinasinglephrase,
verseandstyle.
Bymakingadecisiontotranslate,dowetakeanambiguous,noten-
tirelydefinedstanceattheintersectionoftexts,ofanother’s/one’sownlan-
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