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AGNIESZKAGAJEWSKA
theapproachesoftheindividualartiststowardsaestheticsandlanguage
(Lisek2010).
Whenitcomestothequestionoftranslationandpoliticalinvolvement,
wemustconsiderthecaseswhentranslationactivityisacompromisebe-
causeoftheexclusionfromthepublicdebateandanopportunitytoearn
one’sliving.WhenIlookatasmalllibraryinKazimieraIłłakowiczówna’s
studio,Ihavenodoubtsthatshedidnotreadanytranslations.Thepost-
warlifeofthisdisciplinedclerk,thefirstwomanappointedtothepostof
aministerialadvisorintheSecondRepublicofPoland,apersonalsecre-
taryofJózefPiłsudski,doesnotresembleherpre-warlifestyleandrec-
ognition.Onlyafter1947didshereturntoPoland(fromRomaniawhere
shehadbeenevacuatedalongwiththeMinistryofForeignAffairs),where
shewasreluctantlywelcomedforpoliticalreasons.Shesettledinthepro-
vincialPoznańandsupportedherselfbywriting,foreignlanguagetuition
andtranslation.MariaDąbrowskaadmiredIłłakowiczówna’stranslation
ofSchiller’sDonCarlos.InPoznańpeoplestilltalkabouthervisitstothe
railwaystationandherconversationswithmechanicsaboutlocomotives,
whichsheusedinhertranslationofTolstoy’sAnnaKarenina.11Shealso
translatedthepoetryofEmilyDickinson,FriedrichDürrenmatt’sPledge,
worksbyWolfgangGoethe,HeinrichHeineandSándorPetöfi.Thevery
selectionofnames(aswellasliterarygenres)demonstratesherskillsand
competencies,althoughweshouldbearinmindthefactthattranslation
wasforheronlyasubstituteofpublicactivityanditwasendedbytheloss
ofeyesight(cf.Ratajczak1998:5–19).
Thetranslationoffeminismis,therefore,multifarious,especiallyifwe
considerindividualcasesandcarefullyinterpretspecifictexts.Thearticles
collectedinthisissueattempttopresenttranslationsandtheoriesoffemi-
nismaswidelyaspossible.Therefore,theydiscusstranslatorsaswellas
literarymotifsandparticularconcepts.IhavealwaysfeltthatthePolish
publishingmarketlacksaseriesofthemostimportantfeministtextsin
translation.Nonetheless,Iamawareofthefactthatforthelasttwocentu-
riestheideaofemancipationhasrevolvedamongdifferentlanguagesand
culturalconditions.Feministsoremancipatorshavebeenactiveininterna-
tionalfederationsorgroups,theyhaveattendedsymposiaonassociation
managementandglobalisationaswellaswomenconventions.Icannot
11TheprecioussourceofinformationaboutKazimieraIłłakowiczównaisElżbietaAn-
drzejewskaattheRaczyńskiLibraryinPoznań,wholooksafterthewriter’sstudioat4
GajowaStreet.
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