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CommentsontheSourcesofGreekPhilosophicalCriticism
17
andboundaries.
12
Wemaysay,then,thatpurereasonstandsbeforeitsown
tribunal,itpronouncesitsownverdict,and,atthesametime,itspower
isitsself-limitation.Fromthisperspective,dogmatismisunderstood
astheactionofpurereasonwithoutthepriorcritiqueofitsownauthority.
Theunderstandingofcriticismasanapproachresultinginthepass-
ingofavaluejudgment(evaluation)isaseparatematter.Inthiscase
aswellwecanrefertotherootmeaningoftheverbkr…nw(tosettle,
judge,evaluate,bethejudgeof,giveaverdict)indicatingacourtpro-
cedurewhichconsistsinreferringtheobjectofevaluationtoacer-
tainmodelandcomparingitscharacteristicstothoseofthemodel.
InthedialoguePoliticus,Plato,speakingabouttheabilitytoevaluate
(kritikÒn),comparesittoanobserver,whoshouldbeimpartialinhis
declarations.13
Aswasalreadymentioned,acertaingroupofproblemsconcerning
criticismisrelatedtotheproblemofcognition(knowledge)inabroad
sense,notexcludingontologicalandmethodologicalproblems.Inaccor-
dancewiththeacceptedprincipalresearchhypothesis,wecanshow
thecontinuityofdevelopmentoftheideaofcriticisminitsvariousforms,
fromthepre-Socratics,throughtheSophists,Socrates,Plato,andAristo-
tle,toPyrrho.InreferencetoearlyGreekthought,criticismandrelated
problemsconcerningthetheoryofknowledgehaverarelybeenconsid-
eredessentialproblems.Thedominantcosmologico-ontologicalinterpre-
tationofthephilosophyofthisperiodcanbesupplementedbyacriti-
calreading.SuchanapproachtoearlyGreekphilosophyis,initself,
anexpressionofacriticalhistoric-philosophicalattitude.
IncontrasttodominantinterpretationsofearlyGreekthought,sec-
ondaryliteratureconcerningepistemologico-methodologicalmatters
isvasterinreferencetoSocratesandlaterthinkers,andtheseissues
arebothbetter-orderedthematicallyandbetteranalyzed.Manyhis-
toriansofancientphilosophytiethesourcesofGreekcriticisminpre-
12ImmanuelKant,KritikderreinenVernunft,AXII.
13Plato,Politicus,260c.
