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3.Drama,TheatreandNarrative
21
thosetworealmsbymeansofmetalepsisandinterdiegesis,andmake
frequentreferencestotheongoingprocessofstorytelling.Therefore,they
givesuchastrongimpressionofbeingnarratedspontaneously,provision-
allyandadhoc.Thenarratorsexplicitlycorrectselectedpassagesfrom
theirtales,commentuponanddiscussthem,andevenquestiontheirve-
racity.Finally,Beckett’snovelsalsosporttheso-calledHclosestructure”
whilstGombrowicz’snovelsaremoreofanHopenstructure.”Thefirst
termaccountsforapreservationofasinglelocaleandtheequationof
performancetimewiththefictionaltime-spanoftheplay,theotherterm
oftheoppositephenomena[Pfister1988:252-253].
Theinherentautonomyandpresent-nessleadstothefinalfundamen-
talfeatureofdramatictexts.TheHeliminationofthemediationcommuni-
cationsystem”doesnotonlycreateasenseofimmediacyintheon-stage
actionbutalsoenablesHboththedramatictextanditsreceptionprocess
totakeplacesimultaneously,”claimsPfister[1988:5].Incontrast,innar-
rativetextsthetime-scaleofthenarrativereliesonthepastandtypically
encompassesalargetime-scaleoftheevents.Whenmarriedwiththe
conventionalcomplexcommunicationsystem,thenarrativetexteffec-
tivelydistancesthereceiverfromthesender[Pfister1988:5].However,
inthenovelsbyGombrowiczandBeckettthenarratedissubjectedtoand
controlledbythenarratinginsofarastheyallemployconcurrency.This
devicetransformsthespatiotemporalanchoringofthepasteventsinthe
presentmomentoftheirscenicandsimultaneous(re)production.Conse-
quently,theHdistancingofthenarrativeintothepast”iseffectivelyre-
ducedandtheactofnarratingoccurshicetnunc.Thereductioncontrib-
utestocreatingthesenseofimmediacybymakingthestoriesandtheir
receptionprocesstakeplacealmostsimultaneously,asindrama.Inother
words,tousePfister’sargumentation,narrative’straditionalvariabilityof
time-spacecontinuumfailstobeappliedinBeckettandisonlyimplicit
inGombrowicz.Instead,concurrencyobtainsand,thus,immediacy.Cos-
mosisagoodcaseinpoint.AccordingtoGombrowicz,thisnovelcreated
itselfwhenbeingwritten[qtd.inOlejniczak2003:373].
SofarIhavegenerallydiscussedthepropertiesofdramatextand
itssemanticmechanism.Ihavealsodemonstratedhowthenovelsby
GombrowiczandBeckettsimulatethismechanism.Asmentionedabove,
theatre’sspectacleisapotentialityofdrama’stextuality.Thismeansthat
whatindramaisaliteraryconventionwhosegoalistoevokeasenseof
spectacleinreader,becomesarealityintheatre.Thatistosay,thedrama’s
