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22
Introduction
conventionsofimmediacy,present-nessandsimultaneityarealsoopera-
tiveintheatrewiththecaveatthattheirpreviouspotentialitynowturns
intoactualityofaspecifictheatricalevent.Therefore,despitecalling
Gombrowicz’snovelsHdramatic”andBeckett’snovelsHtheatrical”Iana-
lysedthemhereatthesametime.Nowalucidandconcisedistinction
betweenGombrowicz’sHdramatic”novelsandBeckett’sHtheatrical”nov-
elsshouldbemade.
Theatre’sactualityinaspectaclerelieson,Pfisterargues,itsHmultime-
dialnaturebecauseitmakesusenotonlyofverbal,butalsoofacoustic
andvisualcodes.Itisasynaesthetictext”[1988:7].ForLimontheHeffect
oftheatricality”comesdowntothedualityoftheatre(dualityofpercep-
tion):thesameHsignmaterial”inaspectacleissimultaneouslyrealand
fictional[2003:29].Hereliestheessenceoftheatreforthescholar:for
theatricalsemiosistooccur,spaceandtimemustbedeicticallyandonto-
logicallyriven[Limon2003:36].Anotherinherentfeatureoftheatreisthe
issueofHthematerialsituses-namely,thehumanbodyinspace,”claims
ErikaFischer-Lichte[2014:8].Ultimatelythen,theatreis,accordingto
JerzyGrotowskiquotedbyFischer-Lichte,thatwhichHoccursbetween
theaudienceandtheactor”[Fischer-Lichte2014:8],andtheoccurrence
is,accordingtoPeterBrook,anHeventsituatedinthehicetnunc”[qtd.in
Vanhaesebrouck2004].Transient,immediate,andHbodily,”theatreis
aboutcontactbetweenthesenderandreceiver[Fischer-Lichte2014:38].
Atlast,asJanKosińskistipulates,Htheatreisavisualisedhappening”(una-
ocznionymdzianiemsię)[1984:135;seeLimon2003:10].
AsHtheatrical,”Beckett’snovelsstrivetosimulatecontactandco-
presenceofsenderandreceiver.Hencetheycanbesaidto,inJerzyKut-
nik’swords,beHaresultoftheinteractionoftheactivatedpotentialitiesof
theartist,theperformer[narrativesubject-B.L.],theaudience(including
thecriticasasubcategory)and,indispensably,themedium.Allhavesome
roletoplayintheact,allareperformersinthetheatrical,oroneshould
rathersay,theatricalized,sense”[1986:230].Concurrency,monologicity
andoralityalongwiththesmallsemanticunitsandexplicitexpressive
function,serveoneoverarchingpurpose:theyaresignsofthenarrator’s
presenceinpresent-tenseactofspeaking.YetdespitetheirbeingHjust”
signssimulatingwhatcannotbe,especiallyinthecontextofDerrida’sas-
sertionsaboutliteratureessentiallybarredfrompresencewhatsoever,the
devicesprofoundlytransformthetraditionalnarrativesemantic.Topara-
phraseGombrowicz,thesemantichadbecomeHtoofictional,”tooconven-
