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5.TheUnnatural
27
whileperformativeishermeneuticsofGombrowicz’sandBeckett’snov-
els.Theperformativefunctionsasaconsequenceoreffectofthedra-
maticandtheatrical,andmustberegardedasoneofmanyinterpretive
strategiesareadercanapplytothenovels.Dramaticalityandtheatri-
calityaregeneraltermsthatdescribeaspecificnarrativestructureand
meaning-makingmechanism.AsopposedtoHperformative”reading,
whichisinherentlylinkedtothemomentoreventofreadingandsubjec-
tivereactions,theyareuniversalandobjectivesemanticconceptsthat
arechangelessovertimeandimmunetoindividualreadings.
50TheUnnatural
ThisstudyisfollowingtworesearchprojectscarriedoutattheUniver-
sityofGdańsk,inbothofwhichIparticipate:HTextualStudiesResearch
Group”andHTheSamuelBeckettResearchGroup.”Theformerpursues
researchintothetwentiethandtwenty-first-centuryliterarytexts,focus-
ingonnarrationinprosefiction,prosodyandphonologyinpoetry,dra-
maticandtheatricalconventions.Thelatterseekstoaddresstheissueof
HBeckettinthetwentiethcentury,”thatis,contemporarycriticismand
receptionofBeckett’swork,non-canonicalapproachestohisworks,and
proposesadvancementsinlookingattheBecketttexttoday.
Moreover,myunorthodoxanalysesofGombrowiczandBeckettcan
beincludedinabroadnarratologicaltheorycalledHunnaturalnarratol-
ogy.”PioneeredbyBrianRichardsonabouttwentyyearsago,itisnow
consideredtobeoneofthefastestgrowingbrancheswithinnarratology
[seeHermanetal.2012;Lutostański2014].Themostimportantdefini-
tionsoftheunnaturalinnarrativecanbereducedtothree:18
1.ForBrianRichardson,anunnaturalnarrativeconspicuously
violatesconventionsofstandardnarrativeformsandfictional
modesalike.
2.JanAlberdefinesthetermfunnatural’asdenotingHphysically,
logically,orhumanlyimpossiblescenariosorevents”[Alberetal.
2013:102];hisperspectiveisgenerallydiachronicashehasat-
temptedtotracetheunnaturalasahistoricallychangingphe-
nomenon.
3.HenrikSkovNielsenarguesthatunnaturalnarrativesHcuethe
readertoemployinterpretationalstrategiesthataredifferentfrom
