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AgataBareja-Starzyńska,ByambaaRagchaaNotesontheSurvivalofBuddhism…
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M.Galaarid.17TheybegantheirfirstBuddhistassemblyonthe8thdayofthefirst
summermonthoftheBlueMonkeyyearofthe15thsixty-yearcycle,or1944.It
wasthefirstsuchevent18aftertheclosingofthemonasteriesin1938.Gandanteg-
chenlinMonasterywastheonlyplaceinthewholeofMongoliawhereBuddhist
practicesremainedlegalfrom1944until1990.
Individualswhowantedtobecomemonkshadtoapplyforpermissiontothe
flOceofReligiousAfairs”(Шашныхэрэгэрхлэхгазар).Theocewasestab-
lishedasapartoftheMinistryoftheInterioroftheCouncilofMinistersofthe
MPRinMay1937toregulatealldutiesandrightsofmonksandmonasteries.It
hadstafwhoweresenttomonasteriestoconstantlycontrolthemonasticactiv-
ity.Theapplicationswereexaminedcarefullyandansweredonlyafterayearat
aminimum.Sometimestheapplicantshadtowaitmanyyearsanddidnotget
apositiveanswer.Onaverage,2personswereadmittedperyear.Thisexplains
whyin1990therewerehardly100monks(notincludingstudents).
Althoughthegovernmentundertookheavymeasuresagainstmonasteriesand
monks,atthesametimeitmadesomemovementstowardsreconciliation.In1951
inGandantegchenlinMonasterytheflDharmaTranslationCommission”(Ном
ОрчуулахКомиCC)wasestablishedtocarryonthetranslationofTibetanscrip-
tures.ThesewereimportantforthedevelopmentofBuddhistliturgyinMongolian.
From1954onanumberofmonksweremembersofthecommission.Alsoin
1959,anflEducationUnit”(ЭрдэмболовCролынанги)19wasestablished.Monk
scholarswhoworkedintheflEducationUnit”cooperatedwithProf.Byambyn
RinchenandProf.TsendiinDamdinsürenfromtheMongolianAcademyofSci-
ences.In1959,duringtheFirstCongressofMongolists,theTibetan-Mongolian
Dictionarywaspresentedasaresultoftheirwork(Dorj1960),andkhambolam
SamaagiinGombojav(Gombojab1960)andgavjTsevegiinDorjdeliveredapaper
abouttheirwork(Dorj1961).
In1960GombojavmanagedtoenlargetheEducationUnit.Togetherwithgavj
T.Dandan-Odser,gevshShanjiinIshtavhai,gavjOchir,gevshLamaajav,gavjDash-
damba,astrologerChultemiinJamtscalledUulynJamts,physicianDorjjamtsan,
copyistSugarynDagvadorj,gavjGarjidiinDivaasambuu(orGarjüdiinDivaa-
sanbuu),andmanyothermonk-scholars,ascientificcentercalledtheflDharma
17Thesourcesvarybetween7to9monks.Fullnameswerenotalwaysprovided,seeDi-
vaasanbuu2009:8andAmgalan2021:64.Moredetaileddataonsomemonksaregiven
inAmgalan2021:63–74.
18AccordingtoabookletontheactivityoftheBuddhistSeminar/UniversityoftheGan-
dantegchenlinMonastery(2010),thefirstassemblywasledbytheabove-mentioned
gevshBat-OchirandgavjDagvajantsanfromDashchoimpolDatsan.SeeSoronzonbold
andNyamjantsan2010:7.
19OnthebasisofarchivalmaterialfromGandantegchenlinMonasteryexaminedbyByam-
baaRagchaa.