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Researchandmethodologicalassumptions
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Italythatrelatetothefunctioningofpoliticalsystems,willbeconductedusing
thelegal-institutionalanalysismethod.Theuseofthesystemanalysismethod
mentionedabovewillmakeitpossibletoachievethedesiredobjectivesbyus-
ingbothamacro-systemanalysis(forstudyingpoliticalsystemsascoherent
wholes),mid-tieranalysis(forstudyingthefunctioningofpartysystems),and
micro-systemanalysis(e.g.forpresentingtheinfluenceofindividualpolitical
partiesonthefunctioningofanentirepoliticalsystem).Assessingthephenom-
enaandsocio-politicalprocessesthroughtheprismofpoliticaldecision-making
centreswillbeconductedusingthedecision-makingmethod.Inordertooutline
thehistoricalbackgroundofthestudiedphenomena,itwillalsobenecessaryto
applythehistoricalmethod.
ThesubjectofthefirstchapteristheeconomiccrisisinGreece,Spain,and
Italy,whichclearlybeganmanifestingitselfaround2008.Theaimofthispart
ofthebookistoresearchwhatweretheeconomiccausesandmanifestationsof
thecrisisinGreece,Spain,andItalyandhowthecrisisinfluencedtheeconomic
situationofthestudiedstates.Thispartisgoingtoformthestartingpointand
abackgroundfortheanalysispresentedinthesubsequentchapters,thatis,for
determiningifandhowtheconsequencesoftheeconomiccrisisinfluencedthe
functioningofthepoliticalsystemsinGreece,Spain,andItaly.
InthefirstfragmentofChapter1,theauthorliststhecausesofthecrisis,
whichfromthepointofviewofthestudiedstateswereofan“external”nature,
thatis,theglobalcausesofthecrisisasidentifiedbytheliterature,whichneither
Greece,SpainnorItalycouldprevent.Thesecondpartofthefirstchapterdeals
withthecausesandeconomicconsequencesofthecrisisinGreece,Spain,and
inItaly.Itpointstothecircumstances,conditions,events,data,etc.,whichare
bothpeculiartoeachindividualstateandresultfromthemembershipofthese
statesintheEuropeanUnion.Inordertoprovideasclearandconciseapicture
aspossibleofhowtheeconomicsituationevolvedinGreece,Spain,andItaly
duringthecrisis,severalvariouskindsofstatisticaldatawerepresentedwhich
reflectchangestothemacroeconomicsituation.Thisdataconcernstheperiod
immediatelyprecedingthestartofthecrisisandafter2008,mostlyuntil2015,
inclusively.Asthereisnocommonlyacceptedsetofindicatorsintheliterature
thatwouldhelpillustratetheconditionandchangesintheeconomicsystemof
astate,andgiventhatdiscrepanciesherearequiteextensive,22theseindicators
wereselectedatthesolediscretionoftheauthors.Eurostathasbeenthemost
extensivelyusedsourceofdatainthestudy.Tableswithdatapresentingthedy-
namicsofchangeinthepositionofGreece,Spain,andItalyineconomiccom-
petitionrankingshaveadditionallybeenemployed.Theyhavebeenprepared
22SeeforexampleTiKUbIN:“EconomicSystemoftheEuropeanUnion.BetweenParticu-
larismandUniversalism.”StudiaPoliticaeUniversitatisSilesiensis2015,vol.14,pp.25127.