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CHAPTERI.INNOVATIONSANDTECHNOLOGICALADVANCES…
objective,honest,respectingpublicinterest,andfriendlytoenvironmentandsustainability
ideas,strategies,andpolicies.Democratizationefortsinthisareasloseground,andsense;
deliberationsandnegotiationsshouldnotbebasedon“scientific”productsofskepticism,
denial,ignorance,andmanipulation.Goodchoicesanddecisionsrequireverifieddata,and,
asarule,aslittleaspossiblebiasedexpertsandshareholdersengagedintheirparticular
interests.
Peopleshouldtrustscience,initscredibility,andinepistemicandmoralauthority
ofscience(O’Brien,2013).Scientificauthority,inapolicycontext,isimportantinthe
processesofadvisingandexpertizing.Theappreciationofscientists,advisors,andexperts
elicitpublicsupportfordecisions.Themoreknowledgeableasociety,thebetteritscom-
municationwithdecision-makersandthebetterchoicesincontroversialissues.Innovative
ideas,connectedwithcitizens’participationinscienceandtechnology,areasubjectofdis-
cussionintheSTS(Science,Technology,Society)academiccommunity.Anactivescien-
tificcitizenry,whichextensivelyusesdeliberativedemocraticdecision-making,isconsid-
eredanimportantrepublicanvalueandideal.Thedistancebetweenrealparticipationand
anormativemodeliscalledthe“democraticdeficit.”Therearediferentwaystodiminish
it(seeMejlgaard,Stares,2012),whichopensspaceforinnovations.
Thenumerousdifcultproblemsdiscussedabovecanbesolvedbyinnovations-
political,social,organizational,andmanagerial-toavoidbiasedsolutions.Thereisalso
astructuralbias,i.e.over-economizationofscienceandtechnologypolicy,whichcauses
ageneralunderestimationofsocietalstakeholders(seeBerman,2014).Somany“addi-
tional”redirectinginnovationsandreformsareneededtomaximizeadvantagesofscience
andtechnologyforsustainability.
5.Finalreflections,remarks,andconclusions
Inthepreviouschapters,thediscussionwasfocusedontransformations-triggeredand
stimulatedperformatively-throughinnovationsleadingtosustainability.Areas,sectors,
directionsofactionswereindicated.Thisexemplaryoverviewprovidesalistofsuch
innovations:somealreadyexistingandavailable,somejustemerging,somenotverified
anddifused,andsomeonlyforecastedandbadlyneeded.Existingcontextsandnecessary
conditions(andnecessaryaccompanyingconditions-whatwasalwaysunderlinedbysys-
temsanalysisase.g.R.L.Ackof)wereconsidered,alsopolicies,actions,andbehaviour
orientedtowardsasustainablefutureofworld,countries,andpeople.Usuallybreakthrough
technologies(innovations)arehighlighted.Throughoutthispapermoreattentionispaid
tosocial,political,andculturalaspectsofthewaytosustainability.Thereisagrowing
awarenessinacademiaandgovernmentofa“socialization”ofinnovationsviapublic
engagement,involvement,andparticipationindecisionsonscience,technology,andinno-
vations.Thisobservationisvalidforadvancedanddemocraticcountrieswhichareaware
oftherisk,dangers,andchallengesofunsustainablepatternofdevelopment.
Thepointofviewofsocietalrolesandactivityinnovationscanbeassociatedwith
suchareas/actionsas:
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