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21
ruleofoldcontractualfreedomandsubordinatescontractualactiontothestandpointofsuccessful
fulfillmentoftheplan7.
ThemainfunctionoftheContractofSaleisinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe
CivilCode1950that"throughitcitizensobtainitemsofpersonalconsumption”8,while
theessentialsarefoundintheprovisionoftheart.158oftheConstitutionoftheMay
9whichdefinesthat"personalpropertyofcitizensisinviolable.Thisprovisionrelates
especiallytotheitemsofdomesticandpersonalconsumption[...]”9andthereforeitis,
accordingtoP.Colotka,obviousthat"personalpropertywasinCzechoslovakialegally
anchoredasappropriationwithaconsumers’character”10,whichmakesoutthecontract
ofsalestobeacontractorientedonstrictlyconsumerneedsofcitizens.
Anotherimportantfunctionofthecontractofsaleinthepeople’sdemocracywas
consideredtobethefactthat
inthepeople’sdemocracyisbeingappliedasocialisticprinciple,everyoneaccordingtohisabili-
ties,toeveryoneaccordingtohiswork’.Theshareofparticipationofeachcitizeninthatpartof
society’sproduction,whichisaheadoftimedesignatedforpersonalconsumption,isbeingdeter-
minedbyquantityandqualityofworkwhichwasinvestedintotheworkofsocialisticdevelop-
ment.Throughreceptionofasalaryforone’sworkinmonetaryformandthroughafreehandling
ofone’swages,citizenscanthroughacontractofsaleobtainforthemselvesnecessaryitemsof
personalconsumptionaccordingtotheirownconsiderationandwill.Thusthecontractofsaleis
oneoftheimportantformswiththeassistanceofwhichcitizens,inaccordancewiththeirindi-
vidualinterests,pursueanappropriationofsociety’sproducts,whichareaheadoftimedesignated
forpersonalconsumption,andthereforeisoneoftheimportantlegalformsofobtainingpersonal
property11.
Fromtheaforementioneditisobviousthatthecontractofsaleservedpredominantly
asameansoftransferofobjectsfromasocialistictothepersonalownership12,while
itisimportanttorealizethatproceedingfromtheteachingofMarxism-Leninismthe
CommunistPartyoftheCzechoslovakrepublic,asthemaindeterminantofthecontent
ofcivillawanditsinstitutes,hadtriedtoeliminateprivateownershipandhadregarded
personalownershipas"anotherprogressiveformofownershipofthesocialisticsociety
–asupplementofthetwoformsofsocialisticownership(stateandcooperative)”13and
thusfullysupporteditsdevelopmentunderthetermsofbarrierssetbythelaw.Thus,
eventhoughtheprovisionsofContractofSaleintheCivilCode1950donotspecify
whichpropertytransfers,fromtheimplementaryregulationsaswellasfromtheinter-
pretationofcontemporarylawyersandapplicationthroughcourtsitisobviousthatit
7
ExplanatoryMemorandum...
8
V
.Knapp,Učebnicaobčianskehoarodinnéhopráva,vol.II,Bratislava1954,p.104.
9
ConstitutionoftheMay9–art.158.
10
P.Colotka,Osobnévlastnictvo,vol.I,Bratislava1956,p.147.
11
B.Andres,Smlouvakupniasměnnávnašemnovémprávnimřádu,"Právnik”,vol.90:1951,no.7,
p.409.
12
AbouttypesofpropertyinsocialisticlawseeD.M.Genkin,Sovětskéobčansképrávo,dilprvni,
Praha1953,p.286–287.Aboutdivisionofproperty–socialistic,privateandpersonalsee§§100–106Civil
Code1950,possiblyalsointerpretationincontemporarytextbooksofcivillaw–e.g.V
.Knappa.o.,Učeb-
nicaobčianskehoarodinnéhopráva,vol.I,Bratislava1953.Moreaboutpersonalpropertycanbefoundin
P.Colotka,Osobnévlastnictvo,vol.I.
13
PrvýObčianskyzákonnik,ed.J.Štefanko,Šamorin1999,p.80.
