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16
Introduction
specificpurposes(LSP).Terstpaper,byMagdalenaSowaandElżbietaGajew-
ska,raisestheissueofcertifyinglanguageskillsinthecontextoflanguageusers)
professionalcompetences.Teauthorsdiscussproblemsarisingfromassessing
bothlanguageandsubject-specificskillsofcandidatesapplyingforadiploma
certifyingtheirskillsinanLSP
.Teotherpaper,writtenbyAnnaIwanowska,
concernsthespecificityoflanguagetestinginthemilitaryenvironmentandde-
scribesthecertificationsystemusedbythePolishMinistryofNationalDefence.
Tenalthematicpartanalysesthecertificationoflanguageproficiency
fromaslightlybroaderperspective.Intherstarticle,OlgaUkrayinskaraises
theissueofteachingstudents(teachertrainees)howtointerprettheCEFR.Te
authorpresentsthetheoreticalbasisofsuchtrainingandsomeexemplarytasks
thataimtohelpfutureforeignlanguageteachersintheUkrainetointegrate
theCEFRdescriptorsintotheirteachingandassessmentpractices.Tevolume
closeswithachapterbyAgnieszkaM.Sendur,whichdealswiththeuniversal
subjectofcheatingduringtestsandexams.ReferringtothePolishcontext,the
authorpresentstheresultsofherownresearch,theaimofwhichwastodiag-
nosewhattypesofbehaviourstudentsconsidertobeunethicalduringexams.
Tediversityoftheissuespresentedinthisvolumedemonstratesthecom-
plexityofthecertificationprocessesandtheneedfortheirfurtherdiagnosisand
scrutiny.Wehopethatthisvolumewillcontributetoaninspiringexchangeof
ideasandexperiencesinthisareaofindividualandsocialsignificance.
AndrzejDąbrowski
RadosławKucharczyk
AgnieszkaLeńko-Szymańska
JolantaSujecka-Zając