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Notesonthetranscription
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[ḥ]
[ḫ]
[d]
[à]
[r]
[z]
[s]
[ś]
[ṣ]
[à]
[t]
[ẓ]
[ʕ]
[ġ]
[f]
[g]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[h]
[w]
[y]
J
o
pharyngealvoicelessfricative
uvularvoicelessfricative
alveolarvoicedplosive
interdentalvoicedfricative
alveolartrembling
alveolarvoicedfricative
alveolarvoicelessfricative
palatalvoicelessfricative
alveolarvoicelessemphaticfricative
interdentalvoicedemphaticfricative
alveolarvoicelessemphaticplosive
interdentalvoicedemphaticfricative
pharyngealvoicedfricative
uvularvoicedfricative
labio-dentalvoicelessfricative
velarvoicedplosive
velarvoicelessplosive
alveolarvoicedsound
labialandnasalvoicedsound
alveolarandnasalvoicedsound
glottalvoicelessfricative
labialvoicedglide
palatalvoicedglide
Toavoidmisunderstanding,Idecidedtouse[j]fortheprepalatalsound
,and[g]foruvular,whichindialectalformbecomesvelar.
Thestandardpronounciationofthevowelsis(a,i,u),whilethere
mightbesomeexamplespresenting[e]asadialectalformofeither[a]or
[i].Longvowelsare(ā,t,ū,ē)respectively.Somevowelscanbeexpressed
by[o]or[ó],likeineyśbo4whatiswrongwithhim?’oryōm4day’.
Duetomanydiferenttranscriptionsystems,Idecidedtostandardize
theminordertoavoidmisinterpretation.Thetópmarbdtahmorphemeis
transcribedvariouslyas-ih,-ah,-eh,uh,astherearemanyexistingvaria-
tionsusedinpublications.
Accordingtothepresentedtranscriptioncodeinthiswork,Iwill
presentthenameKhoubanasHubānforphoneticcoherency.
