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10
I.Introduction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nameofthesystem
ThiscategoryincludesstateswhoselawisbasedonEnglishcommonlaw
conceptsandlegalorganisationalmethodswhichassignapre-eminent
positiontocaselaw.Thus,thiscategoryincludesstatesthathavecloseties
withtheEnglishtraditionandforwhichcommonlawjurisprudencere-
tainsitscharacterasfundamental.
Thisisanautonomouslegalsystemofareligiousnatureandpredominant-
lybasedontheKoran.InanumberofcountriesoftheMuslimtradition,it
tendstobelimitedtothelawsrelatingtopersonalstatus.
IthasdrawnitsinspirationlargelyfromtheRomanlawheritage.Onthe
whole,thesystemgivesprecedencetowrittenlawandoptsforasystematic
codificationofgenerallaw.Thesystemhastakenonavarietyofcultural
formsthroughouttheworld.ItisalsocalledCRomano-Germanic)orcon-
tinentallaw.
Today,hardlyanystateintheworldfullyoperatesunderthislegalsystem.
Customcantakeonmanyguises,dependingonwhetheritisrootedin
wisdombornofrealdailyexperienceormoreintellectuallybasedongreat
spiritualorphilosophicaltraditions.Customasthelegalbasisstillplays
asignificantroleinsomeareas,suchasmattersofpersonalstatus.Itisof
importanceinarelativelylargenumberofstateswithmixedlegalsystems.
ThesystemisalsocalledChybrid)orCcomposite)
stateswheretwoormoresystemsapplycumulativelyorinteractively,but
alsostateswherethereisajuxtapositionofsystemsasaresultofmoreor
lessclearlydefinedfieldsofapplication.
Definition
.Thecategoryincludes
Exercise2.Common-lawvs.civil-lawtraditions
Fillinthegapswiththewordsprovidedbelow.
uncodified◊investigates◊jury◊precedent◊judgment◊legislators◊procedural
◊yearbooksandreports◊brings◊codified◊punishment◊adversarial◊sub-
stantive
Commonlawisgenerally(1)...
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.Thismeansthatthereisnocom-
prehensivecompilationoflegalrulesandstatutes.Whilecommonlawdoesrelyon
somescatteredstatutes,itislargelybasedon(2).....
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.,meaningthe
judicialdecisionsthathavealreadybeenmadeinsimilarcases.Theseprecedents
aremaintainedovertimethroughtherecordsofthecourtsaswellashistorically
documentedincollectionsofcaselawknownas(3)...
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...Theprece-
dentstobeappliedinthedecisionofeachnewcasearedeterminedbythepresiding
judge.Asaresult,judgeshaveanenormousroleinshapingAmericanandBritishlaw.
Commonlawfunctionsasan(4)...
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..system,acontestbetweentwo
opposingpartiesbeforeajudgewhomoderates.A(5)...
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..ofordinary
