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1.Typesoflaws
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peoplewithoutlegaltrainingdecidesonthefactsofthecase.Thejudgethenenters
the(6)...
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..basedonthejury)sverdict.
Civillaw,alsoknownascontinentallaw,incontrast,is(7)...
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Countrieswithcivil-lawsystemshavecomprehensive,continuouslyupdatedlegal
codesthatspecifyallmatterscapableofbeingbroughtbeforecourt,theapplicable
procedure,andtheappropriate(8)....
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.foreachoffense.Suchcodes
distinguishbetweendifferentcategoriesoflaw:(9)...
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...lawestablish-
eswhichactsaresubjecttocriminalorcivilprosecution,(10)...
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lawestablisheshowtodeterminewhetheraparticularactionconstitutesacriminal
offence.Inacivil-lawsystem,thejudge)sroleistoestablishthefactsofthecaseandto
applytheprovisionsoftheapplicablecode.Thoughthejudgeoften(11)....
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....theformalcharges,(12)...
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...thematter,anddecidesonthecase,
heorsheworkswithinaframeworkestablishedbyacomprehensive,codifiedsetof
laws.Therefore,thejudge)sdecisionislesscrucialinshapingcivillawthanthedeci-
sionsof(13)...
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...andlegalscholarswhodraftandinterpretthecodes.
Sourceofthetext:https://www.law.berkeley.edu
Exercise3.Civil-lawsystemandcommon-lawsystem
Matchtwohalvesofthesentencesanddecideiftheydescribethecommon-law(CoL)or
civil-law(CiL)systems.
1.
ThesystemwasdevelopedinEurope
(a)
arebindinguponlowercourts.
2.
Bydefinition,inEnglandpastjudicialde-
(b)
whilestatutesareonlyseenasinvasion
cisions
intothelegalsystem,andthereforeare
interpretednarrowly.
3.
Theprimarysourceoflaw
(c)
ordrawanalogiesfromstatutoryprovi-
sionstofillgaps.
4.
Courtsreasonextensivelyonthebasisof
(d)
andisbasedonRomanandNapoleonic
generalprinciplesoflaw
law.
5.
ThesystemisusedthroughoutEurope
6.
Staredecisisrefersto
7.
Thislegalsystemiscalled
(e)
thecourtisboundtofollowthereasoning
usedinthepreviousdecision(knownas
ratiodecidendi).
(f)
inquisitorialduetothefactthatthecourt,
orapartofthecourt,isactivelyinvolved
ininvestigatingthefactsofthecase.
(g)
coveredcriminallaw,criminalprocedure,
non-criminallawandprocedureaswell
ascommerciallaw.
