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2.Sourcesoflaw
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Forthelegislativeprocesstobecommenced,itisnecessarytointroduceabilltothe
Sejm.Onlyqualifiedentitiesenjoyingtherightoflegislativeinitiativecandoso.Such
entitiesinclude:
•thedeputiestotheSejm(deputies)billsmaybeintroducedbyaSejmcommittee
oragroupofatleast15deputies);
•theSenate(aresolutionoftheentireChamberisnecessary);
•thePresidentoftheRepublic;
•theCouncilofMinisters.
TheConstitutionalsoprovidesforanopportunityforcitizenstointroduceabill
bymeansoftheso-calledmechanismofpopularinitiative;yetsuchabillrequires
thesignaturesofagroupof100,000eligibletovoteinelectionstotheSejm.Some
bills,e.g.adraftbudget,canbeintroducedonlybytheCouncilofMinisters.Urgent
bills,whichmaybeintroducedintheSejmonlybythegovernment,areofparticular
importance.Billsdesignatedasurgenthavepriorityoverotherbillsandaresubject
toafast-trackparliamentaryprocedure.ThedifferenceisthattheSenatehasonly
14daysandthePresidentoftheRepubliconly7daystoconsidersuchabill.This
enablesthegovernmenttocompletethetasksmostimportantforthestate.
Billsaretobesubmitted,inwriting,totheMarshaloftheSejm(thephraseCtosubmit
abilltotheMarshal)smace)iscommonlyusedinparliamentarypractice)whoorders
theirprintinganddeliverytothedeputies.Thesponsor,submittingabill,appoints
anauthorisedpersontorepresenthiminworkrelatingtoit.Everybillhastoinclude
anexplanatorystatementwhichclarifies,e.g.theneedforandpurposeofthebill,
presentstheexpectedsocial,economic,financialandlegalconsequences,pointsout
thesourcesoffinancing,orincludesthestatementoncompatibilityofthebillwith
theEUlaw.TheMarshaloftheSejmmayreturnabilltoitssponsorifanattached
explanatorystatementdoesnotfulfilthelegalrequirements.
Ifthereisadoubtastowhetherthebillisconsistentwiththelaw,includingthe
lawoftheEuropeanUnionortheelementaryprinciplesoflegislativetechnique,the
MarshaloftheSejmmay,afterconsultingthePresidiumoftheSejm,referthatbill
totheLegislativeCommitteeforitsopinion.IftheCommitteewiththemajorityof
three-fifthsofthevotesinthepresenceofatleasthalfoftheCommitteemembers
findsthebillinadmissible,theMarshalisnotrequiredtoinitiatetheproceedingsin
respectofthatbill.
