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3.Judiciary
45
Exercise3.SpecialisedcourtsinPoland
ThetextbelowpresentsbrieflyspecialisedcourtsoperatinginPoland.Fillinthegaps
withthefollowingwordsandphrases.
dual◊compliance◊vary◊reasoning◊examine◊authorities◊violating◊consti-
tutionality◊complaints◊adjudicates◊merits◊resolutions
Specialisedcourtsareafeatureofthejudiciarysystemsofmanycountries,although
theirjurisdictionandfunction(1)...
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...,sometimeswidely,fromoneto
another.OneoftherichestsourceofinformationaboutspecialisedcourtsistheUnit-
edStateswithits(2)...
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...systemofcourts:federalandstateones.Other
examplesarethejudicialsystemsofthecountriesoftheformerEasternEuropean
block,includingPoland.ThereareseveralspecialcourtsandtribunalsinPoland.
ConstitutionalTribunal
InthePolishlegalsystem,theConstitutionalTribunalisnotregardedasacourt
ofgeneraljurisdiction.Itrulesinteraliaonthe(3)...
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..ofnational
legislationandinternationalagreements,onthe(4)...
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..ofnatio-
nallegislationwithratifiedinternationalagreementsorontheconstitutionalityof
theobjectivesoractivitiesofpoliticalparties.
TribunalofState
TheTribunalofStateisaseparatebodyofthejudiciary.TheTribunalofState(5)...
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...casesinwhichpeoplewhooccupythehighestpositionsinthestate
arechargedwith(6)...
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..theConstitutionorotherlegislativeacts.
Administrativecourts
ThesystemofadministrativecourtsincludestheSupremeAdministrativeCourt
andvoivodeshipadministrativecourts.TheSupremeAdministrativeCourtinter
aliarulesonwhetherthe(7)...
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..oflocalgovernmentbodiesorthe
regulatoryactsoflocalauthoritiesofthestategovernmentcomplywiththelaw,on
(8)...
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..againstadministrativedecisions;ondecisionsissuedinad-
ministrativeproceedingsinresponsetocomplaintsandondecisionsthatmaybe
appealedbasedonthe(9)...
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..ofacase.TheSupremeAdministrative
Courthasbeenpublishingallitsdecisions,togetherwithits(10)...
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..,
since1October2007.
