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AdelaBarabasz,GrzegorzBełz
both,small,developingcompaniesandalsobigcorporations(see[Malach-Pineset
al.2002;BusenitzandBarney1997;amongothers]).Atpresent,wecanobserve
adebateontherelationbetweentherolesofanentrepreneurandaleader(see
[Fernaldetal.2005;amongothers]).Czarniawska-JoergesandWolff[1991,p.530]
highlightthecyclicityoftheinterestofpracticeandtheoryintheparticularroles,
andexplainitwithchangeableeconomicconditions,whichforcecompaniestoface
variouschallenges.Theythinkthatthoserolesreflectdesiresandfearssharedby
organizationalcommunities,andthattheyaresymbolswhichhelpascribemeaning
totheorganizationalevents.
Thethreekeyroles,whichemergefromtheworksoftheaforementionedauthors
canbethuslabelledasentrepreneurial,leadershipandmanagerial(administrative).
Below,wepresenttheirshortcharacteristics.
4.1.Entrepreneurialrole
Theprimaryexecutiveroleistheentrepreneurialone,becausewithoutitnocompany
wouldbefounded.Therearemanydefinitionsofentrepreneurshipandentrepreneur,
whichemphasizedifferentaspects,dependingonthetheoreticalperspectivefrom
whichtheirauthorsanalyzetheproblem.Relatingtothecontextoftheproblems
discussedhere,werefertothedefinitionsrelatingtothefunctionofanentrepreneur,
toenablefocusingontheroleofthetriumvirate.Itisworthturningback,atthis
point,toSchumpeter,whoproposed,inthe1930s,adefinitionaccordingtowhich,
anentrepreneurisaninnovatorandacatalystofchangeswhoconstantlydoesthings
whichhavenotbeendonebeforeandwhichdonotfittheestablishedsocialpatterns
[Malach-Pinesetal.2002,p.173].Referringtothepersonalityperspective,itis
worthemphasizing,thatforanentrepreneur,theirworkinvolvesaboveall“creating
newworld”,whichcanbeunderstoodasbreakingoldstructuresandbuildingnew
ones[Malach-Pinesetal.2002,p.177].
Forthepurposesofproblemsunderdiscussion,wedefinethenotionof
entrepreneurshipbasedonFernald’sproposal,whoacknowledgesitsthreekey
features[Fernald2005,p.2]:
1)findingprofitableopportunities,withnoregardtotheresourcescontrolledat
agivenmoment;
2)developingtheexistingresourcesthroughintensifiedlearning,synergyor
experimenting;
3)promotingchangesandinnovationsthatleadtonewconfigurationsofresources
andnewwaysofmanagingabusiness.
Asfollowsfromthosedefinitions,theroleofanentrepreneurisnotonlyrestricted
tostartinganewenterpriseorcompany.Itdoesnotcomeeithertotheactions
undertakenonlybyanownerorpersonmanagingacompany.Thiswasalsopointed
outwhileanalyzingcasesofbigcorporations,whichwerecapableofinnovativeand
adaptivebehavioursinitializedondifferentlevelsofhierarchy.Tonamethisfeature,
