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1.Doctrinaldiscussions
Inordoliberalthinking,theprimaryobjectiveofamarketeconomyistoreach
thestateoffullemployment.Itdoesnotmean,however,thatallcitizenswill
beensuredstableemployment,regardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.Inthat
light,Germanordoliberalsthoughtthatthebestmotivationtoworkisasys-
temofhighremunerationandpensionswhicharecomparabletosalaries.
Tomaintainsuchasystem,anti-inflationeconomicstrategiesandastable
monetarysystemwereofkeyimportance.
InRöpke’sview,tomaintain,oractuallytodefendinpractice,theprinciples
ofasocialmarketeconomyitwasnecessarytodistributewealthtoeveryone
accordingtowhatconsciencesuggests,byconstantexplainingandcompre-
hensivemodernisingoftheethicsofhumanactions.Thisopinionwasfully
sharedbyAlexanderRüstowwho,whenformulatingthehierarchyofgoals,put
thewelfareoffamiliesandcommunitiesaswellasthatofthestateaheadofthe
considerationsofthenationaleconomy.Rüstowwasparticularlyinfavour
oftheprotectionofallformsofsocialintegration,whichincludedreligion,
ethics,aesthetics,andculture.However,hewasalsoawarethattheirdevelop-
mentwasimpossiblewithoutadequatemeansgeneratedbytheeconomy.
Itisquitestrikingthatinordoliberals’viewtherebuildingoftheGerman
economicsystemin1947waspossiblethankstothesociety’ssharedChris-
tianvalues.Inthatvein,Germanliteratureincludesmanyreferencesshow-
ingthelinksbetweenthephilosophyofSt.ThomasAquinasandordoliberal-
ism.Havingsaidthat,itisalsoimportanttopointoutthecontributionmade
byGermanacademicsindevelopingtheconceptof“ordo”anditsessence
basedontherulesofinclusionandnotthealienationofanindividual.The
academicswhointhe1930sformedtheso-calledFreiburgCirclecontinued
toworkduringtheSecondWorldWardespitethediversefatestheyfaced.
Thisexplainswhytheirmajorworkswerepublishedinthepost-warperiod,
whichalsosawthepracticalimplementationoftheirtheoreticalassumptions
intheformofasocialmarketeconomyinitiatedin1947inWestGermany
andcontinued,after1949,intheFederalRepublicofGermany.
Overall,abroaderpresentationofthepostulatesofordoliberalism,which
isattemptedhere,lendsitselftopointingoutsomesimilarities,aswellasdif-
ferences,betweenthiswayofthinkingandtheeconomicprogrammeofthe
PolishNationalDemocracy.Theideaofsolidarismalsohadmanysupport-
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