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Methodsofscreening,culturing,improvementandstorageofmicroorganisms...
102040Soilofpollutedenvironmentsasasourceof
microorganismsusedinenvironmentalprotectonprocesses
Asignificantincreaseinenvironmentalpollutionhasbeen
observedasaresultofintensiveindustrialdevelopment,whichhas
averyhighimpactonsoilcompositionandbiodiversity.Alarge
partofthespeciesofmicroorganismsinhabitingthesoilhave
theabilitytobiodegradexenobiotics.Thedegradationpotential
ofmicroorganismsdependsprimarilyontheirenvironmental
biodiversitybutalsoonphysicalandchemicalparameters
(temperature,oxygenation,pH,availabilityofnutrients)ofsoil.
Ofallthepollutants,aromatichydrocarbonsareparticularly
dangerous.Theyexhibitstrongtoxicandcarcinogenicproperties.
Contaminationwithpetroleumproductsisgreatestinthevicinity
ofrefineries,petrolstations,airports,freeways,railroadsand
diagnosticstations,repairshopsandcarwashes.Nevertheless,the
contaminationofgreenareasofcitiesbyaromatichydrocarbonsand
otherharmfulsubstances,andtherelatedrevitalisationofdegraded
areas,areimportantproblems.Theseissuesarediscussedinmore
detailinSection5.1.Petroleumproducts,especiallypolycyclic
compounds,areresistanttodegradationandsomemayremainin
theenvironmentformanyyears.Eliminationofthesecompoundsis
mainlycausedbymicroorganisms.Therefore,thesearchforstrains
capableofusingoilderivativesascarbonandenergysourcesorof
convertingthemintoenvironmentallynon-toxicproductsisavery
importanttaskofmodernenvironmentalbiotechnology.
Chemicalstructuresofselectedaromatichydrocarbonsare
presentedinFigure1.2.2.
Fig0102020Structure
ofselectedaromafic
hydrocarbons.
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