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Introduction
Ka
ta
rzy
naPłon
ka-Bie
le
nin
Theobjectofanalysisofthefollowingstudyisanattempt
topresentthestructureoflocalself-government’sfunctioning,
particularlytakingintoconsiderationthelevelofmunicipality
inchosencountriesofEuropeanUnion.Simultaneously,thestudy
showsreformsofpublicadministrationwhichinfluencethe
functioningoflocalself-government.Themainresearchconcerns
structuresofcommunityself-governmentinFrance,Spain,Germany
andPoland.
Nowadays,localself-governmentisconsideredtobeoneofthe
constitutionalelementsofdemocraticstateundertheruleoflaw.The
waytostandardizeviewsintherangeoflegalcharacteroflocalself-
governmentofEuropeancountrieswasmainlygivenbytwobasic
internationalacts,mainly:WorldwideDeclarationonLocalSelf-
GovernmentandEuropeanCharterofLocalSelf-Government.
Thefirstonewasenactedbetween22ndand26thofSeptember,1985
inRiodeJeneiroatthe27thWorldCongressofInternationalUnion
ofLocalAuthorities.Inpursuanceofarticle2section1,itprovides
that“localself-governmentdenotestherightandthedutyoflocal
authoritiestoregulateandmanagepublicaffairsundertheirown
responsibilityandintheinterestsofthelocalpopulationthelawand
obligation”.Italsoshowsthattheruleoflocalself-governmentand
basicpowersoflocalauthoritiesshouldbeprovidedforinthe
constitutionordeterminedbythewayofanact.
ThesecondregulationwasadoptedbytheCouncilofEurope
onOctober15th,1985.EuropeanCharterofLocalSelf-Government
(ECLSG)consistsofthirtyrulestowhichlegislationofcountries
–membersofCouncilofEuropeshouldcorrespond.Itwasunderlined
inthepreambletotheCharterthatlocalcommunitiesconstituteone
oftheessentialbasesofdemocraticsystemandthatcitizens’right
tocommonparticipationinmanagingofpublicmattersconstitutesone
ofdemocraticprinciples,commontoallcountries--membersofthe
CouncilofEurope.Moreover,itwasemphasizedinthepreamblethat
protectionandregulationoflocalself-governmentinparticular
countrieswillsignificantlyhelptobuildEuropebasedontherules
