Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
CHAPTER11MARKETINGCOMMUNICATIONINTHELIGHTOFINTERNETDEVELOPMENTTHEORETICAL111
Thesourceliteraturepresentsnumerousmodelsofcommunicationinthreedimen-
sions-social,interpersonalandmass-whichistheconsequenceofmanycommunica-
tiontheories.HoffmanandNovak(1996)presentedthreecommunicationpatternsusing
onlinetools:aone-to-oneinterpersonalandcomputer-mediatedcommunicationmodel,
atraditionalone-to-manymarketingcommunicationmodelandmarketingcommunica-
tioninahypermediacomputer-mediatedenvironmentmodel(ascitedinWiktor2013).
Inthemodelofinterpersonalmarketingcommunication(seeFigure3)thereisaone-
to-onesituationinwhichthemessagesender(e.g.seller)transfersitviavariousmedia
torecipients(purchasers)7.Thecharacteristicfeatureofthismodelisinteractivity,i.e.
theabilitytoansweraquestionorsendfeedback.Inaddition,thisschemeisverysimilar
tothemodeloftheindividualcommunication,whereboththesenderandtherecipient
isaperson(Hoffman,Novak1996;Wiktor2013).Communicationcantakeplacevia
variouschannels(directlyorindirectly),mediaanddevices(computer,telephone).
SENDER
Seller
Message
MEDIUM
Message
RECIPIENT
Purchaser
Figure3.Modelofinterpersonalmarketingcommunication
Source:(Hoffman,Novak1996;Wiktor2013).
Themodelofmassmarketingcommunicationpresentstheone-to-manysituation
(seeFigure4),inwhichthesenderismostoftenanenterprisewishingtoofferproducts
topotentialpurchasers(grouprecipient-massaudience).Thesendermayusevarious
formsandmeansofcommunication,butthisisusuallythesamemessageaddressedto
allpotentialbuyers(Wiktor2013).Themodelofmassmarketingcommunicationpresents
anexampleofunilateralcommunicationinwhichthereisnofeedbackfromtherecipient
ofthemessage.Thelackofthepossibilityofanansweriscausedbytheuseofspecific
massmedia,e.g.TV,radiooroutdooradvertising.
Ontheotherhand,bilateralcommunication,includingthefeaturesofinterpersonal
communication,andatthesametimereachingmanyrecipientswiththemessage(mass
communicationfeatures),canusethemediathatwillprovidetheopportunityforinter-
action(e.g.recipientsofthemessagecanrespondquicklyandexpresstheiropinion).
7CompareFigure1.Modelofthecommunicationprocess.
32