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1.1.Thecommunicationprocesstheessence,elementsand
theirmeaning
Theterm“communication”isderivedfromtheLatinterms:theverbcommunicare,
meaning“tomakecommon,connectorconfer”,thenouncommunicowhichemphasizes
“communion,fusionandsenseofconnectivity”aswellastheadjectivecommunis,mean-
ing“common,universalorgeneral”(Słownikłacińsko-polski,1973,p.101;Młynek2012,
p.242).ThetermcommunicationfromLatinhasbeen“adopted”bymodernlanguages.
Inthe14thcenturyandlateritmeant“enteringthecommunity,maintainingrelations
withsomeone”,aswellas“sharingandcommunion”(Młynek2012,p.242).Inthe16th
century,probablyduetothedevelopmentofroadsandtracts,theexistingmeaningwas
modifiedto“transferandtransmission”(Albaum,Duerr2011;Dobek-Ostrowska2004;
Taranko2015).
Theambiguityoftheconceptof“communication”isreflectedinthewaysinwhich
thistermisinterpretedinvarioussciences.Philosopherstreatcommunicationasawayof
perceivingrealityandunderstandingtheworld,aswellassharingwithothers(Hartman
2008).Accordingtopsychologists,itisthecommunicationbetweenindividualswhoin-
teractwitheachotherthroughconversation(Griffin2003).Insociology,communication
referstotheinteractionwiththeuseofvariousmassmedia(message,content,reception)
(Giddens2007).
Fromthe19thcentury,twocontextsoftheword“communication”canbeidentified.
Itmeans1)movingfromoneplacetoanotherviameansoftransportor2)communica-
tionoflivingbeings.Inthesecondsense,thisworddefinesthetransferofinformation
throughvariouschannels,amongwhichdirectcommunication,so-calledF2F(face-
to-facecommunication),brokendownintoverbalandnon-verbal,aswellasindirect
communicationbymeansofmediasuchaswriting,television,radio,telephone,Internet,
shouldbedistinguished.
Duetothedegreeofmediainvolvementandthenatureofparticipants,thereisadis-
tinctionbetweeninterpersonalcommunicationbetweenpeopleandmasscommunication
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