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Introduction
Scienceasaformofhumanknowledgehasalwayssoughttoexplaincauses
andmechanismsbehindobservedphenomenaanddescribedtheminvarious
aspects.Changes,discoveries,andfindingsinsciencehaveaccompaniedthe
emergenceofnewtheoreticalconceptsandideasthathaveinfluencedresearch
programmesandthinkingstyles.Undercertainsocio-culturalcircumstances,
theseprocessesshapedconceptsandtermsindiferentepochs,creatingpara-
digmsofscientificcognition.Teywereanimportantelementofdiscoursein
manyareas.Tehistoryofsciencealsorecordssignificantmoments-radical
andrapidchangesinparadigms.Followingthemethodologicalnomenclature
ofT.Kuhn,theycanbenamedasscientificrevolutions.Certainresearchpro-
grammesenjoygreaterstability,whereasothersbecomelessprevalent.
Teaimsofthepresentworkare:toshowdiferentgroundsandresearch
possibilitiesinthedevelopmentofmultiplescientificconceptsintheirhistor-
icalcontext;torevealthemechanismsunderlyingthechangesinscienceand
theircourseinthepastandpresenttimes;todiscusstheformationandfunc-
tioningofvariousideas,values,andinnovationsinthepast.Inparticular,we
areinterestedinvariouscasestudiesofparadigmchangesonasmallandlarge
scale.Wewanttheworktohave:firstly,amulti-disciplinarycharacter,thus
respectingthemethodologicalseparatenessofthehumanities,natural,theo-
logical,philosophical,andsocialsciences;secondly,interdisciplinary,thatis,
researchingpossiblerelationshipsthatexceedtraditionalboundariesbetween
domainsofknowledge.