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(systematic)character.Inshort,itconstitutesHdeliberationonthe
natureoflaw.”
Polishphilosophyoflawhasaveryrichtradition.Onecansee,es-
pecially,LeonPetrażycki’spsychologismasaparticularcontribu-
tiontointernationallegalstudies.InCommunist-periodPoland,
however,thephilosophyoflawwasoustedbothfromphiloso-
phyandlegalstudies,asitwasdeemedspeculativereection
contrarytotheprinciplesoftheMarxisttheoryofstateandlaw.
However,since1989,wehaveobservedapowerfulrenaissance
ofphilosophicalissuesinstudiesofthestateandoflaw.
[?]Whatisthetheoryoflaw?
Thetheoryoflawisoneofthegeneralbranchesoflegalstudies,
anditisgenerallyassociatedwithotherformsofgeneralresearch
suchas:jurisprudence,generallegalstudies(inGerman,allge-
meineRechtslehre),andphilosophyoflaw.Theborderbetween
thephilosophyoflawandthetheoryoflawisextremelyuid.
Despitethis,manycontemporarystudiesclearlydistinguishin
theirverytitlesthesetwoconcepts-bothinPolishandinworld-
widelegalstudies.However,itishardtomaintainthatinsuch
studiesanypreciseorclearborderisestablishedbetweenthese
disciplines.Onthecontrary,theimpossibilityofmakingsuch
adivisionisoftenemphasized.
Distinguishingamongphilosophyoflaw,jurisprudence,and
thetheoryoflawdependsonwhetherwearemovingwithin
ContinentalEuropeanlegalcultureorcommonlaw.Inthelatter
case,thephilosophyoflawisoftenjuxtaposedtoaspecifically
Anglo-Saxonjurisprudence,whichonlytoacertaindegreecan
berecognizedastheequivalentoftheContinentalEuropean
theoryoflaw.Paradoxically,onecanalsoencounterpositions
thatrecognizejurisprudenceastheAnglo-Saxonequivalentof
continentalphilosophyoflaw.Evenmore,sometimeswithinan
English-languagestudythathaslegaltheoryinthetitle,thereis
concealedsomethingthatisfundamentallyadiscussionofbasic
tendenciesintheoryofthelawandphilosophyofthelaw,forex-
ample,legalpositivism,normativism,lawofnature,legalrealism,
criticallegalstudies,andintegrallegalphilosophy.Itis,however,
tellingthattheinternetencyclopediapreparedbytheInterna-
CHAPTER2.PHILOSOPHYOFLAWANDTHEORYOFLAW
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