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Tosimplify,onecan,thus,saythat,inthisdefinitionofthetheory
oflaw,thegenusproximumisconstitutedbytheoryasanaggre-
gateoforderedguidingprinciplesandtheassertionsthatderive
fromthem;ontheotherhand,law,asitisgenerallyunderstood,
isthedifierentiaspecificaofthisconcept.Intheliterature,how-
ever,attentionisdrawntothefactthatsuchanunderstandingof
thescholarly/scientificdisciplinematbesomewhatmisleading,
asitsuggeststheexistenceofsomeuniversaltheoryoflaw.
[?]Whatistheanalyticaltheoryoflaw?
Theconceptofanalyticaltheoryoflawdeservesseparateat-
tentionwithinthetheoryoflaw.Theanalytictheoryoflawis
consideredaparticularvarietyofcontemporarylegalpositiv-
ism,whichinthetwentiethcenturybecamethemainapproach
withinphilosophyoflaw,alongsidethesociological(American
legalrealism)andthepsychological(Scandinavianlegalreal-
ism).Itappearswithtwodińerentmeanings,althoughthese
areconnectedgeneticallyandintermsofsubstance.Inabroad
formulation,itidentifiesitselfwithAnglo-Saxonanalyticalju-
risprudence,initiatedbyJeremyBenthamandhisdiscipleJohn
Austin.Ononehand,itdińerentiatesitselffromtheContinental
Europeanversionoflegalpragmatism;ontheotherhand,how-
ever,itdińerentiatesitselffromContinentalphilosophyoflaw
andfromtheoryoflawaltogether.However,inanarrowerfor-
mulation,itsgeographicalorculturalprovenanceisnotsomuch
ofimportance,asitscharacteristicmethodofstudyinglawas
alinguisticphenomenon.Inthissense,itgrowsoutofanalytic
philosophy,forexample,theworkofGeorgeE.Moore,Bertrand
Russell,andLudwigWittgenstein,andasaresultisoftencalled
analyticlegalphilosophy.
Accordingtoseveralauthors,however,thequestionremainsif
itisatallpossibletospeakoftheexistenceofananalyticthe-
oryoflaw,orwhetheritisrathernecessarytostressthefactof
aparticularanalyticmethodusedinrelationtospecificissuesin
jurisprudence.TheadjectiveHanalytical”designatesstudyofthe
lawthatisfarremovedfrommetaphysics,focusedonmethod-
ology,practical,andofanobjectivenature.Itsmainobjectof
studyanditspurposeareasemanticHanalysis”ofthetermsand
CHAPTER2.PHILOSOPHYOFLAWANDTHEORYOFLAW
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